Steel making

Question 1

Puddling furnace.

Answer 1

Molten pig iron is poured and reaches a reverberatory furnace with coals in it. Walls are lined with oxides to protect from burning. Hot air is then added causing heated air to oxidize the impurities. C0 and C02 form which causes the mixture to form bubbles and have a boiling appearance. Slag is formed. impurities with element excess c02 are blown away through the chimney.

Question 2

Early procces to produce iron. heats metal partially and below metling point

Answer 2

Clay crucible. Clay does not heat up as easily. Wrought iron pieces poured into the crucible and then heated for many days. heated below melting point. hot enough for carbon diffusion.

Question 3

Besssemer Procccess.

Answer 3

Molten pig iron is poured along with a flux into cylindrical converter Air is blown up underneath. this causes the oxidation of manganese and silicon found in impurturtuties and exhaled either as gas or solid slag. Carbon Monoxide exhaled as blue gas. converts pig iron into cast iron.

Question 4

What is the use of checker bricks?

Answer 4

To store heat used in preheating procces of open hearth in chambers underneath.

Question 5

Bowing

Answer 5

When the bessemer conveter is turned upright and air is blown from the bottom

Question 6

What elements caused the bessemer procces to be not as effective making steel

Answer 6

Phosphourous and sulfur

Question 7

Reverberatory furnace

Answer 7

does not contain a firepit. Ore is not in direct contact with the fuel source. in steelmaking also called open hearth proccess

Question 8

Trapping

Answer 8

Pour the molten metal onto something. used in bessemer process when the converter turns sideways to pour the iron out.

Question 9

Open hearth furnace

Answer 9

Iron as well as limestone, scrap metal, and iron ore are added into the checker bricks chambers for heating. valve is then heated and then combustion air is added. Reverse air is added. metal is heated and creates a bubbling boiling motion.

Question 10

What is a refractory material

Answer 10

Means it is resitant to the decompostion by heat and retains it’s rigidity at high temperatures. often made with oxides.

Question 11

output of puddling furnace

Answer 11

Bar iron ( a type of very pure wrought iron). also called puddled steel.

Question 12

Blast Furnace

Answer 12

Raw materials are inserted (limestone, iron ore, coke are inserted). Carbon dioxide is then produced. Metals are reacting with air in dipping metal producing Carbon Monoxide and impurities from the impure metal. also slag is formed from oxides.

Question 13

Integrated steel process

Answer 13

Raw material comes in one door and the finished product comes through the other door.

Question 14

Output of Blast furnace

Answer 14

Pig iron

Question 15

Basic Oxygen Furnace

Answer 15

Uses liquid oxygen to produce a super sonic air flow to react with the metal. Molten metal in inserted. Gases such as C02 nadn CO are exhaled and placed into separate chambers for other uses.

Question 16

Steel Mini mill.

Answer 16

uses steel scrap as raw material. Has EAF as main stell conversion. uses EAF. Proudces less steel and mostly alloys

Question 17

Fuel Source of EAF

Answer 17

Carbon Electrodes and DC electric current.

Question 18

Ladle Mettalurgy

Answer 18

they are used to refine including deoxidizing, and decarbonizing the molten metal from EAF.

Question 19

Ladle Mettalurgy purposes

Answer 19

Remove slag and other chemical impurtutruties. Controll tempeture fro casitng operations.

Question 20

Continous Casting steps

Answer 20

Used at end of steelmaking proccess. 1. ladle. Skip controls

Question 21

Integrated steel mills

Answer 21

Used for the enitierity of the steel making process. Uses mostly Blast and BOF furnaces. Iron ore and coke enter the facility converted to molten pig iron in Blast furnace. Molten pig iron and scrap materials enter BOF to reduce carbon levels and produce steel. Molten material then enters ladle for refining process. Final stage is contnous casting cooling and producing thick slabs of steel

Question 22

Ingot method

Answer 22

1. Teeming: poured molten metal into ladel2. Stripping: remove ingots from ingot molds 3. Rolling: compressed ingots for desired shapes

Question 23

Desired teaming procces for pouring molten metal

Answer 23

Bottom pouring

Question 24

Ingot method Rolling

Answer 24

Metal sheeets are compressed between tow rollers at a high speed. Either hot or cold. Quenching is a cold method.

Question 25

Contrnous castinf

Answer 25

Bypasses the ingot procces and produces a continuous length of steel.

Question 26

CC 3 method

Answer 26

Curved mold

Question 27

Steel micro mills

Answer 27

Uses EAF. Direct iron only

Question 28

Steel is _ C Cast Iron is

Answer 28

> 2.0 % <2.0 %

Question 29

Melting poitn of the steels and cast iron

Answer 29

S: 2700-2900 CI: 2100-2300 f

Question 30

Steels properties are mostly determined by _. Cast iron properties are determined by

Answer 30

Alloys.

Question 31

Phase Diagrams

Answer 31

Graphical representation of the phases present in an alloy at different conditions of temperature, pressure, or chemical composition.

Question 32

Fe0c phase diagram

Answer 32

2d diagram of

Question 33

Euctectic transormation

Answer 33

L CHnaged Austentite + Fe3C. 1130 C

Question 34

Eucteloid Transformation

Answer 34

Y changes to a =Fe3c. 723 C

Question 35

Peritectic point

Answer 35

Delta iron - Liquid + Austneite

Question 36

What is the difference between Hot and Cold Roling.

Answer 36

Hot rolling the ingot is rolled above its recrystallization temperature( which the metal’s lattice structure changes shape). In cold rolling, it is below that and is allowed to cool at room temperature and annealed. cold rolling is used when dimensions and tolerances are more strict.

Question 37

what is the preffered method of Contnonous casting

Answer 37

Curved method. Metal is transferred into a and then moves throughout the tube being cooled by the wall coolers. rollers are used to curve the slab into a

Question 38

Stripping

Answer 38

Metals are reduced to proper length. cooled only partially.

Question 39

Soaking

Answer 39

put in soaking pits. used to prevent elements from segregating from the center to the top.

Question 40

How open hearth furnace is different from Bessemer process reasons

Answer 40

1. Higher quality of steel 2. Can use lower grade charge material 3. Composition of steel can be controlled 4. As no blast of air is used, there will be no loss of iron

Question 41

low, medium, high Carbon percentage

Answer 41

0.05-0.35, 0.35-0.50