Early metal uses

Question 1

Haematite

Answer 1

(Fe2O3) red

Question 2

Limonite

Answer 2

(2Fe203 3h20) brown

Question 3

magnetite

Answer 3

ore (Fe3O4) black

Question 4

Siderite

Answer 4

(Fe03) light brown

Question 5

Refining

Answer 5

Chemical purifying an impure metal

Question 6

Bronze

Answer 6

Cu + sn

Question 7

Brass

Answer 7

Cu + zn

Question 8

Uses of lead

Answer 8

Pipes, ornaments, known for toxicity and having a low mp which is why it was extracted early on

Question 9

Uses of copper

Answer 9

Spear and arrow heads. Weapons. Easily forged

Question 10

Uses of mercury

Answer 10

Uses it’s ore Cinnabar

Question 11

Pig iron

Answer 11

made in furnaces where molten/ liquid metal would flow into separate bars or “piglets”. weak and brittle and mostly used to make steel. high Carbon content 3-4%.

Question 12

Cast iron

Answer 12

made from redesigend furnaces that used more air, use a lot in the late middle ages. carbon content > 2 %.

Question 13

Wrought iron

Answer 13

Earleist form easlilly forged high ductilicty and malleability. low carbon content 0.02 %. used in warships and railroads.

Question 14

Bloomery

Answer 14

Used charcoal with ore ( broken into small pieces) for iron making. bloom was a slag found on iron. used to produce wrought iron.

Question 15

later furnaces

Answer 15

used “coke” a proccesed coal and had many workers work from the crucuble

Question 16

De Re Metallica

Answer 16

Contained improtant info on mining and mettalurgy. translated by Hebert Hoover