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Chemistry > States of matter ✓ > Flashcards

States of matter ✓ Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the arrangement of of a solid

A

Tightly packed, in rows and columns all touching

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2
Q

What is the arrangement of of a liquid

A

Randomly arranged, touching

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3
Q

What is the arrangement of of a gas

A

Spread out randomly

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4
Q

What is the movement of a solid

A

Vibrate around a fixed point

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5
Q

What is the movement of a liquid

A

Able to move and flow over each other

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6
Q

What is the movement of a gas

A

Moving quickly and randomly

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7
Q

What is the state-change/interconversion from solid to liquid

A

Melting

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8
Q

What is the state-change/interconversion from liquid to gas

A

Boiling/evaporation

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9
Q

What is the state-change/interconversion from gas to solid

A

sublimation

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10
Q

What is the state-change/interconversion from liquid to solid

A

freezing

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11
Q

What is the state-change/interconversion from solid to gas

A

sublimation

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12
Q

What is the state-change/interconversion from gas to liquid

A

condensation

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13
Q

what are solids held together by

A

Strong chemical bonds

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14
Q

What are liquids held together by

A

Attractive force

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15
Q

Are gases held together by something

A

There is no or very little force in between the particles

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16
Q

To be able to melt a solid what do we need to overcome

A

The strong chemical bond

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17
Q

To be able to boil a liquid what do we need to overcome

A

The attractive force

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18
Q

If you melt something what is the energy used for between particles

A

Break the bonds

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19
Q

If you boil something what is the energy used for between particles

A

Overcome the attractive force

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20
Q

Determine the word solute ?

A

The substance you are trying to dissolve

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21
Q

Determine the word solvent ?

A

The liquid in which the solute is being dissolved in

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22
Q

Determine the word solution ?

A

When the solute has dissolved into the solvent

23
Q

Determine the word soluble ?

A

The solute can be dissolved

24
Q

Determine the word insoluble ?

A

The solute can’t be dissolved

25
Q

Determine the word saturated ?

A

The solvent can’t hold anymore solute

26
Q

describe an experiment to show diffusion

A
  • put ammonium chloride into a cotton wool and hydrochloric acid into another cotton wool
  • put a bung on each end of the tube
  • the ammonium chloride precipitate if formed neared the hydrochloric acid side of the tube because ammonium chloride is less dense and lighter than the hydrochloric acid so it moves further faster
27
Q

what substance is an element ?

A

a substance made up of only one type of atom

28
Q

what substance is a compound ?

A

2 or more elements chemically bonded together

29
Q

what substance is a mixture ?

A

2 or more substances which are to chemically bonded

30
Q

what does a pure substance have have to do with their melting and boiling points ?

A
  • a fixed melting and boiling point
31
Q

what happens to a mixture with their melting and boiling points ?

A
  • a mixture may melt or boil over a range of temperatures
32
Q

how does the separation technique distillation work ?

A
  • a mixture is heated in a flask
  • the liquid with the lower boiling point than the other will evaporate first
  • it will cool and condense inside the condenser to become a pure liquid
  • the thermometer will show the temperature of the pure liquid
  • when all of the liquid with the lower boiling point the temperature will rise and the water will evaporate
33
Q

how does the separation technique filtration work ?

A
  • world if you have an insoluble substance
  • when you pour the water and the insoluble substance into the filter paper the water will pass through the filter paper whereas the insoluble substance will stay behind and become a residue
34
Q

how does the separation technique crystallisation work ?

A
  • get a hot concentrated solution of a substance

- and cool the substance down to get the crystals

35
Q

how does the separation technique pure chromatography work ?

A
  • is done on paper
  • spot of mixture is put neat the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper
  • then the paper is placed upright in a type of solvent like water
  • as the solvent socks up paper
  • it takes the mixtures with it
  • different parts of the mixture will move at different rates
  • which separates the mixture
36
Q

what does a chromatogram provide ?

A

information about the components of a mixture

37
Q

what is the equation to find out Rf values ?

A

Rf = distance travelled by solute ÷ distance travelled by solvent

38
Q

how does finding the Rf values show what a substance is made up of ?

A

substance you are testing will move to the same height as the suspected substance in it

39
Q

what is an experiment to investigate paper chromatography using inks/food colourings ?

A
  • draw line near bottom of paper
  • put dots of different colour inks/food colouring on the line on the bottom
  • put the paper in water going up to line
  • see what the inks/food colourings are made up of
40
Q

what is an atom ?

A

the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist it is made up of the three subatomic particles

41
Q

what is a molecule ?

A

a group of atoms bonded together

42
Q

What is the mass of an neutron ?

A

1

43
Q

What is the charge of an electron ?

A

negative

44
Q

What is the charge of an proton ?

A

positive

45
Q

What is the charge of an neutron ?

A

neutral

46
Q

where are protons found ?

A

in the nucleus

47
Q

where are neutrons found ?

A

in the nucleus

48
Q

where are electrons found ?

A

on the shells of an atom

49
Q

what does atomic number mean ?

A

tells you how many protons there are

50
Q

what does mass number mean ?

A

tells you how many protons and neutrons there are

51
Q

what is an isotope ?

A

atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

52
Q

what is the relative atomic mass number ?

A

number of protons and neutrons

53
Q

how does you calculate the relative atomic mass number ?

A

the bigger number on top of the element

Chemistry (10 decks)

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