groups 1 and 7 ✓ Flashcards
what happened when the group 1 metal lithium reacted with water ? (5)
- floated
- moved in water
- effervesced
- stays same shape
- turned universal indicator purple
what happened when the group 1 metal sodium reacted with water ? (5)
- floated
- melts into ball
- moved on surface of water
- effervesced
- made universal indicator purple
what happened when the group 1 metal potassium reacted with water ? (6)
- floated
- changed shape into ball
- moved on surface of water
- effervesced
- self ignited with lilac flame
- turned universal indicator purple
what happened when the group 1 metal rubidium reacted with water ? (4)
- immediately made white sparks fly off it
- effervesced
- floated
- made universal indicator purple purple
what happened when the group 1 metal caesium reacted with water ? (5)
- sunk
- made a small explosion
- effervesced
- broke glass of glass tray
- turned universal indicator purple
what is the balanced symbol equation for the group 1 metal reacting lithium with water ?
2Li + 2H2O → 2LiOH + H2
what is the balanced symbol equation for the group 1 metal sodium reacting with water ?
2Na + 2H2O → NaOH + H2
what is the balanced symbol equation for the group 1 metal potassium reacting with water ?
2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2
what is the balanced symbol equation for the group 1 metal rubidium reacting with water ?
2Rb + 2H2O → 2RbOH + H2
what is the balanced symbol equation for the group 1 metal caesium reacting with water ?
2Cs + 2H2O → 2CsOH + H2
what is the other name for the group 1 metals ?
alkali metals
what is the other name for the group 7 metals ?
halogens
what colour is fluorine at room temperature ?
pale yellow
what colour is chlorine at room temperature ?
yellow-green
what colour is bromine at room temperature ?
red-brown
what colour is iodine at room temperature ?
shiny purple
what colour is astatine at room temperature ?
almost black
what state is fluorine at room temperature ?
gas
what state is chlorine at room temperature ?
gas
what state is bromine at room temperature ?
liquid
what state is iodine at room temperature ?
solid
what state is astatine at room temperature ?
solid
what is the trend in the physical looks of the group 7 elements ?
they get more dense as you go down the group
what are the group 1 metals trying to do with one of their electrons ?
lose them (oxidation)
what are the group 7 metals trying to do an electron ?
gain them (reduction)
what is the percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere ?
78-80%
what is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere ?
18-21%
what is an experiment to show how much oxygen there is in the air ?
- get a glass tube and 2 gas syringes
- have 1 syringe pushed in to 0 cm3 and the other pulled out to 100 cm3
- get some iron/phosphorous/carbon tunings and heat them up in the tube
- push the 100 cm3 syringe in to 0 cm3 and pull the other one out
- repeat this
- the oxygen will react with the copper creating copper oxide
- when you get the same new reading for a few times remove the Bunsen burner and let the tube cool down for a few minutes then take a new reading in the tube that has the pulled out tube
what will you see in the element combustion of magnesium ?
a very bright white flame
what will you see in the element combustion of hydrogen ?
orange flame
what will you see in the element combustion of sulphur ?
blue flame
what is an experiment to show thermal decomposition using copper carbonate ?
- get copper carbonate put in a boiling tube with sealed lid and a capillary tube coming out of the sealed lid
- put the other end of the tube into a boiling tube with some limewater in it
- heat the copper carbonate until black and the limewater will be a white precipitate
when the copper carbonate has gone from green to black what is the new chemical that has been made called ?
copper oxide
what is an experiment to show the % of oxygen in the air using a metal or non-metal ?
- use about 3cm deep of iron wool and wet it with water then put it in the bottom of a test tube
- place the test tube with the open side down into some water in a beaker
- leave for a week and measure the new length of the column of the remaining gas
what is the reactivity series from most to least reactive ?
K (Potassium) Na (Sodium) Li (Lithium) Ca (Calcium) Mg (Magnesium) Al (Aluminium) Zn (Zinc) Fe (Iron) Cu (Copper) Ag (silver) Au (Gold) Pt (Platinum)
what is a rhyme to remember the reactivity series ?
People Say Little Children Make Zebras Ill From Constantly Sniffing Giraffe’s Plants
how can a reactivity series be made from reactions with air and water?
by seeing which substances make the biggest or smallest reactions with air and water
when will a displacement reaction take place ?
when a group 7 element is reacted with a group 7 element bonded to another element, but the group 7 element on its own is more reactive than the group 7 element bonded to the other element it will displace that element and it will become bonded to the other element
what are the conditions required for rusting ?
when something reacts with water and air
what are the 3 names given to the methods we can stop things from rusting ?
barrier method
reactivity method
sacrificial protection
how does the barrier method work from stopping objects from rusting ?
this creates a protective coating using a metal or plastic, keeping air and water out
how does the reactivity method work from stopping objects from rusting ?
has a more reactive metal on top of the one you want to protect so it gets reacted with instead of the metal you want to protect
how does sacrificial protection work from stopping objects from rusting ?
has a more reactive metal on top of the one you want to protect so it gets reacted with instead of the metal you want to protect the metal on top gets sacrificed for the one below to ‘survive’
what is an example of a barrier method ?
paint or plating
what is an example of a reactivity method ?
galvanising or sacrificial protection
what is a prediction for the displacement reactions of chlorine water and potassium bromide ?
- solution goes from colourless to yellow orange
- chlorine displaced the bromine
what is a prediction for the displacement reactions of chlorine water and potassium iodide ?
- solution goes from colourless to purple
- chlorine displaces the iodine
what is a prediction for the displacement reactions of chlorine water and potassium chloride ?
- solution stays colourless
- chlorine can’t displace itself
what is the balanced symbol equation for chlorine water and potassium bromide ?
Cl2 + 2KBr → 2KCl + Br2
what is the balanced symbol equation for chlorine water and potassium iodide ?
Cl2 + 2Kl → 2KCl + I2
what is the balanced symbol equation for chlorine water and potassium chloride ?
Cl2 + KCl → Cl2 + KCl
what is a prediction to see whether a displacement reaction will take place in a reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid with metals ?
the most reactive will have the most vicious reaction and the least reactive will have no reaction
what happens when you add hydrochloric acid to aluminium ?
no change
what happens when you add sulphuric acid to aluminium ?
no change
what happens when you add hydrochloric acid to iron ?
no change
what happens when you add sulphuric acid to iron ?
bubbles covering metal
what happens when you add hydrochloric acid to zinc ?
let of small amount of gas bubbles covered metal
what happens when you add sulphuric acid to zinc ?
let of small amount of gas bubbles covered metal
what happens when you add hydrochloric acid to magnesium ?
effervesced - let of gas
what happens when you add sulphuric acid to magnesium ?
effervesced - let of gas
what happens when you add hydrochloric acid to copper ?
no change
what happens when you add sulphuric acid to copper ?
no change
what is an experiment for metals in dilute hydrochloric and sulphuric acid ?
place 2-3cm3 of acid into a test tube and 1 piece of metal and observe the reaction
what does oxidation mean when losing or gaining oxygen ?
is the gain of oxygen
what does reduction mean when losing or gaining oxygen ?
is the loss of oxygen
what does redox mean ?
a redox reaction is a reaction where both oxidising and reducing takes place
what does oxidising agent mean ?
- non-metal or positive ion
- causes oxidation
- gains electrons from other atoms or ions including itself
what does reducing agent mean ?
- metal or negative ion
- donates electrons to another element or ion (reducing the other species)
- it itself is oxidised
