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Chemistry > acids and alkalis ✓ > Flashcards

acids and alkalis ✓ Flashcards

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1
Q

what does an acid to go a hydrogen ?

A

they release a hydrogen

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2
Q

what is the other way of saying that acids release hydrogens ?

A

they dissociate hydrogen ions

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3
Q

what is the symbol for the acid hydrochloric acid ?

A

HCl

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4
Q

what is the symbol for the acid sulphuric acid ?

A

H2SO4

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5
Q

what is the symbol for the acid nitric acid ?

A

HNO3

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6
Q

what is the symbol for the strong alkali sodium hydroxide ?

A

NaOH

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7
Q

what is the symbol for the strong alkali calcium hydroxide ?

A

Ca(OH)2

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8
Q

what is the symbol for the the weak alkali ammonia ?

A

NH3

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9
Q

what is the use of litmus paper to distinguish between acid and alkali ?

A

litmus paper goes red when solution is an acid

litmus paper goes blue when solution is an alkali

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10
Q

what is the use of phenolphthalein to distinguish between acid and alkali ?

A

phenolphthalein is colourless if acid

phenolphthalein goes red if alkali

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11
Q

what is the use of methyl orange to distinguish between acid and alkali ?

A

methyl orange goes red if acid

methyl orange goes goes orange if alkali

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12
Q

on the PH scale what colour is acid ?

A

red

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13
Q

on the PH scale what colour is alkali ?

A

blue

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14
Q

on the PH scale what colour is water ?

A

green

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15
Q

what are the numbers of acid on the PH scale ?

A

0-6

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16
Q

what are the numbers of alkali on the PH scale ?

A

8-14

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17
Q

what is the number of water on the PH scale ?

A

7

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18
Q

what is the Ph scale ?

A

a scale that tells you how alkali or acidic a substance is

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19
Q

what is universal indicator ?

A

a liquid that goes different colours to show you how acidic or alkali a substance is

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20
Q

what are acids a source of ?

A

H+ ions

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21
Q

what are alkalis a source of ?

A

OH- ions

22
Q

what do acids do to alkalis ?

A

neutralise them

23
Q

what is the link between acids and protons ?

A

proton acceptors

24
Q

what is the link between bases and protons ?

A

proton donors

25
Q

what is the general equation for neutralisations ?

A

acid + base → salt + water

26
Q

what is the equation for hydrochloric acid with the alkali sodium hydroxide ?

A

hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium chloride + water

27
Q

what is the equation for sulphuric acid with the alkali sodium hydroxide ?

A

sulphuric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium sulphate + water

28
Q

what is the equation for nitric acid with the alkali sodium hydroxide ?

A

nitric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium nitrate + water

29
Q

what is the equation for hydrochloric acid with the metal lead ?

A

hydrochloric acid + lead → lead chloride + hydrogen

30
Q

what is the equation for sulphuric acid with the metal lead ?

A

sulphuric acid + lead → lead sulphate + hydrogen

31
Q

what is the equation for nitric acid with the metal lead ?

A

nitric acid + lead → lead nitrate + hydrogen

32
Q

what is the equation for hydrochloric acid with the metal oxide copper oxide ?

A

hydrochloric acid + copper oxide → copper chloride + water

33
Q

what is the equation for sulphuric acid with the metal oxide copper oxide ?

A

sulphuric acid + copper oxide → copper sulphate + water

34
Q

what is the equation for nitric acid with the metal oxide copper oxide ?

A

nitric acid + copper oxide → copper nitrate + water

35
Q

what is the equation for hydrochloric acid with the metal carbonate calcium carbonate ?

A

hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate → calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

36
Q

what is the equation for sulphuric acid with the metal carbonate calcium carbonate ?

A

sulphuric acid + calcium carbonate → calcium sulphate + water + carbon dioxide

37
Q

what is the equation for nitric acid with the metal carbonate calcium carbonate ?

A

nitric acid + calcium carbonate → calcium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide

38
Q

what is the equation for hydrochloric acid with ammonia ?

A

hydrochloric acid + ammonia →

39
Q

what is the equation for sulphuric acid with ammonia ?

A

sulphuric acid + ammonia →

40
Q

what is the equation for nitric acid with ammonia ?

A

nitric acid + ammonia →

41
Q

what is the general equation for ammonia when it helps make salts ?

A

acid + ammonia → ammonium with salt

42
Q

what is the equation for hydrochloric acid with ammonia ?

A

hydrochloric acid + ammonia → ammonium chloride

43
Q

what is the equation for sulphuric acid with ammonia ?

A

sulphuric acid + ammonia → ammonium sulphate

44
Q

what is the equation for nitric acid with ammonia ?

A

nitric acid + ammonia → ammonium nitrate

45
Q

what do metal oxides act as ?

A

a base

46
Q

what do metal hydroxides act as ?

A

a base

47
Q

what does ammonia act as ?

A

a base

48
Q

what are alkalis ?

A

soluble bases

49
Q

what is an experiment to prepare a pure dry sample of a solute salt from an acid and alkali ?

A
  • add acid to alkali
  • react
  • filter out impurities
  • heat, evaporate to form a concentration solution
  • leave salt to dry
50
Q

what is an experiment to produce a pure dry sample of an insoluble salt starting from two soluble reactants ?

A
  • add metal to acid
  • mix and stir
  • react
  • filter (salt is in filter paper)
  • rinse salt still in filter paper with distilled water
  • leave to dry
51
Q

what is an experiment to prepare pure dry hydrates copper sulphate crystals starting from copper oxide ?

A
  • add copper oxide to warm sulphuric acid → makes copper sulphate
  • evaporate off some of the water and leave solution to crystallise
  • get blue hydrate copper sulphate crystals
  • filter off
  • let dry

Chemistry (10 decks)

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