states of consciousness pt 3

Question 1

a lack of muscle tone or muscle weakness, and in some cases involved complete paralysis of the voluntary muscles.

Answer 1

cataplexy

Question 2

disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing cause periods of interrupted breathing.

Answer 2

central sleep apnea

Question 3

a type of psychotherapy that focuses on cognitive processes and problem behaviors.

Answer 3

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 4

device includes a mask that fits over the sleeper’s nose and mouth , which is connected to a pump that pumps air into the person’s airways, forcing them to remain open.

Answer 4

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Question 5

a person with this cannot resist falling asleep at inopportune times.

Answer 5

narcolepsy

Question 6

result in a sense of panic in the sufferer and are often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape from the immediate environment. Occurs during the NREM phase of sleep.

Answer 6

night terror

Question 7

occurs when an individual’s airway becomes blocked during sleep, and air is prevented from entering the lungs.

Answer 7

obstructive sleep apnea

Question 8

one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role. These can occur in either REM or NREM phases of sleep. Ex: sleepwalking, restless leg syndrome, and night terrors

Answer 8

parasomnia

Question 9

occurs when the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur. Individuals who suffer from this have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams. These behaviors vary widely, but they can include kicking, punching, scratching, yelling, and behaving like an animal that has been frightened or attacked. People who suffer from this disorder can injure themselves or their sleeping partners when engaging in these behaviors. Furthermore, these types of behaviors ultimately disrupt sleep, although affected individuals have no memories that these behaviors have occurred

Answer 9

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

Question 10

causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs during periods of inactivity or when trying to fall asleep

Answer 10

restless leg syndrome

Question 11

defined by episodes during which a sleeper’s breathing stops. These episodes can last 10–20 seconds or longer and often are associated with brief periods of arousal. While individuals suffering from this may not be aware of these repeated disruptions in sleep, they do experience increased levels of fatigue. Many individuals diagnosed with this first seek treatment because their sleeping partners indicate that they snore loudly and/or stop breathing for extended periods of time while sleeping. This is much more common in overweight people and is often associated with loud snoring. Surprisingly, this may exacerbate (worsen) cardiovascular disease.

Answer 11

sleep apnea

Question 12

or somnambulism, is when the sleeper engages in relatively complex behaviors ranging from wandering about to driving an automobile.

Answer 12

sleepwalking

Question 13

an infant stops breathing during sleep and dies. Infants younger than 12 months appear to be at the highest risk for this, and boys have a greater risk than girls. A number of risk factors have been associated with this including premature birth, smoking within the home, and hyperthermia.

Answer 13

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)