learning

Question 1

reflexes

Answer 1

unlearned, automatic response by an organism to a stimulus in the environment

Question 2

instincts

Answer 2

unlearned knowledge, involving complex patterns of behavior; instincts are thought to be more prevalent in lower animals than in humans

Question 3

learning

Answer 3

change in behavior or knowledge that is the result of experience

Question 4

associative learning

Answer 4

form of learning that involves connecting certain stimuli or events that occur together in the environment (ex:classical and operant conditioning)

Question 5

classical conditioning

Answer 5

learning in which the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired or associated with the behavior

Question 6

unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Answer 6

stimulus that elicits a reflexive response

Question 7

unconditioned response (UCR)

Answer 7

natural (unlearned) behavior to a given stimulus

Question 8

neutral stimulus (NS)

Answer 8

stimulus that does not initially elicit a response

Question 9

conditioned stimulus (CS)

Answer 9

stimulus that elicits a response due to its being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 10

conditioned response (CR)

Answer 10

response caused by the conditioned stimulus

Question 11

higher-order conditioning, or second-order conditioning

Answer 11

(also, second-order conditioning) using a conditioned stimulus to condition a neutral stimulus

Question 12

acquisition

Answer 12

period of initial learning in classical conditioning in which a human or an animal begins to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus will begin to elicit the conditioned response