biological terms for psychology pt 3

Question 1

asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with the genes to determine where in that range we will fall. For example, if an individual’s genetic makeup predisposes them to high levels of intellectual potential and they are reared in a rich, stimulating environment, then they will be more likely to achieve full potential than if they were raised under conditions of significant deprivation.

Answer 1

range of reaction

Question 2

a specific version of a gene.

Answer 2

allele

Question 3

helps to put DNA into cells when the body tries to make more cells; humans have 46 of these; 23 of these are received from your father (sperm) and 23 from your mother (egg); long strings of genetic material known as deoxyribonucleic (DNA).

Answer 3

chromosome

Question 4

inherited from parents; codes for traits; cells can’t function without this; this code is in most of our body’s cells; a helix-shaped molecule made up of nucleotide base pairs

Answer 4

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 5

having this from one parent (Bb) or both parents (BB) will always result in the phenotype associated with the dominant allele.

Answer 5

dominant allele

Question 6

this field looks beyond the genotype itself and studies how the same genotype can be expressed in different ways. In other words, researchers study how the same genotype can lead to very different phenotypes.

Answer 6

epigenetics

Question 7

usually result from two different eggs fertilized by different sperm, so the genetic material varies as with non-twin siblings.

Answer 7

fraternal twins

Question 8

sequences of DNA in each chromosome that control or partially control a number of traits.

Answer 8

gene

Question 9

our genes influences our environment, and our environment influences the expression of our genes.

Answer 9

genetic environmental correlation

Question 10

the genetic makeup of that individual.

Answer 10

genotype

Question 11

this is when someone has a combination of alleles for a given gene.

Answer 11

heterozygous

Question 12

this is when someone has two copies of the same allele.

Answer 12

homozygous

Question 13

they share the same genetic information; develop from a single fertilized egg that split, so the genetic material is exactly the same in each

Answer 13

identical twins

Question 14

a sudden, permanent change in a gene. This can be harmful or even benefit the person for having an advantage over those with this.

Answer 14

mutation

Question 15

refers to the individual’s inherited physical characteristics, which are a combination of genetic and environmental influences.

Answer 15

phenotype

Question 16

controlled by more than one gene. For example: height, skin color, and weight.

Answer 16

polygenic

Question 17

an individual will only display this trait if they are homozygous (having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes) for it.

Answer 17

recessive allele

Question 18

the environments affects the person, then, the person reacts, and, thus, influences the environment; ex: for babies, their parents, environment all determine how they will change/influence/react to their environment

Answer 18

reciprocal determinism

Question 19

Charles Darwin’s theory that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.

Answer 19

theory of evolution by natural selection