States of Consciousness Flashcards
1
Q
Consciousness
A
- typically a state of self-awareness
- sense that “i” am the same today as yesterday
- involves the notion of free will
- is dynamic
- can be altered
2
Q
Pre/sub conciousness
A
-personal info and experiences of which one is not presently aware, but can bring to awareness
3
Q
Unconsiousness
A
- repressed, traumatic/unpleasant experiences
- instinctual
- not easily accessible nor subject to personal control
4
Q
Biological/circadian rhythms
A
- internal biological clock, daily cycle of sleep and wakefulness
- also called circadian clock
- regulates the timing of the sleep/wake cycle
- cycles last 25 hours
- biological control for our biological rhythms are identified in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
- RAS
5
Q
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
A
- a distinct cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus
- signals received from retinal ganglion cells, not cones and rods, of the eye
- stimulates the production of melatonin
6
Q
Melatonin
A
- hormone produced by the pineal gland
- responsible for drowsiness/sleep
- production decreases half-way through the sleep cycles
7
Q
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
A
- located in the central brain stem
- involved with physical movements, levels of alertness, sleep/wake cycle, and various conscious states
8
Q
Sleep-general info
A
- sleep is an aspect of a circadian rhythm
- all mammals are genetically predisposed to sleep and dreams
- humans spend approximately a 1/3 of their lives sleeping
- sleep is essential to survive
- insufficient sleep diminishes multiple activities; the great the deficit the greater the negative impact
9
Q
Biology of sleep
A
- retinal ganglion cells: register levels of light and sends messages to the suprachiasmatic nucleus
- suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus: responses to levels of light, signals the pineal gland
- pineal gland: responses to signals from the SCN, releases melatonin
- pons: initiates REM sleep; sends messages to spinal cord, inhibits muscle tone, & initiates and maintains communication with cortex during sleep
10
Q
EEG (electroencephalograph)
A
- measures brain wave activity
- associated with different stages of sleep
11
Q
EOG (electroocculograph)
A
- measures ocular activity
- associated with the different types of NREM/REM sleep
12
Q
EMG (electromyography)
A
- measures muscle tension
- associated with the different stages of sleep
13
Q
EKG (electrocardiograph)
A
-measures heart activity
14
Q
NREM
A
- non-REM sleep
- also referred to as stages 1-4
- stages 3-4 incorporate deep sleep
15
Q
REM
A
- rapid eye movement
- dream sleep
16
Q
Awake
A
- hypnagogic and hypnopompic states
- hypnagogic is just before falling asleep
- hypnopompic is just before waking up