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AP Psychology > Emotion > Flashcards

Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

Emotion

A

human experience involving: physical arousal, expression of arousal, conscious awareness of arousal, and cognitive labeling of arousal

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2
Q

Theories of emotion

A

-the differing perspectives on how physiological arousal associated with emotions, expressive behaviors which reflect emotions, and cognitive awareness of our emotions, interact in the total human experience of emotion

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3
Q

Evolutionary theory

A
  • emotions have adaptive value which are necessary for survival
  • emotions allow us to avoid danger/survive
  • cognitive awareness and labeling of emotions evolve later
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4
Q

James-Lange theory

A

-William James and Carl Lang posited that emotions involve three factors: an external stimuli, a physiological arousal, and an interpretation of the physiological arousal as a specific emotion

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5
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A
  • sensory info is communicated to both emotional (limbic) and cognitive (cortex) centers
  • we simultaneously experience both physiological arousal and subjective conscious awareness
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6
Q

Schachter-Singer 2-Factor theory

A
  • external stimuli triggers physiological arousal
  • there is a subjective, cognitive appraisal of the physiological arousal
  • a variety of emotions can be experienced depending on a person’s mental status
  • there is a spillover effect
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7
Q

Spillover effect

A

-influences how intensely we experience emotions and how we interpret what our emotions are

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8
Q

Opponent-Process (Solomon’s) theory

A

-an emotional reaction to a stimulus is accompanied by an opposite emotional reaction

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9
Q

Cognitive-Appraisal (Richard Lazarus’) theory

A
  • emotional experience is the result of our cognitive interpretation of the situation
  • conflicts with Evolutionary Theory
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10
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • sympathetic nervous system: activates physiological arousal
  • parasympathetic nervous system: lowers physiological arousal, pursues homoestatesis
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11
Q

Limbic system

A
  • brain system associated with the physiological aspects of emotional experience
  • comprised of: hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus
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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • activates basic drives

- hunger, thirst, sex

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13
Q

Amygdala

A

-activates fear and aggression responses

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14
Q

Hippocampus

A

-essential for the formation of long-term memory

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15
Q

Emotional expression

A
  • body language
  • voice tone
  • facial expression
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16
Q

Facial expression

A
  • Paul Ekman: an american psychologist who studies emotions and their relation to facial expressions
  • found that some facial expressions are innate and universal
  • happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, anger, disgust, and contempt
17
Q

Stress

A
  • the manner in which individuals and communities perceive and respond to dynamics in their environments
  • perceptions can be positive (eustress)
  • or negative (distress)
18
Q

Stressors

A
  • anything that produces stress (positive or negative)

- common stressors are catastrophes, significant life events, or daily problems

19
Q

Acute stress

A
  • manifestation of symptoms of depression and anxiety
  • lasting for a period of less than 3 months
  • interfering with personal activities
20
Q

Chronic stress

A
  • manifestation of symptoms of depression and anxiety
  • lasting for a period of 3 months or more
  • causing sever personal distress
21
Q

Immunodeficiency

A
  • weakening of the immune system

- consequences of chronic stress

22
Q

Stress-related disorders

A
  • acute stress disorder ASD
  • post-tramatic stress disorder PTSD
  • malingering
  • factitious
  • psychosomatic
23
Q

PTSD

A
  • chronic and persistent stress episodes

- characterized by re-expereinceing the emotional impact of the original traumatic event

24
Q

Malingering

A

-pretending to have an illness to avoid consequences

25
Q

Factitious

A

-pretending to have an illness to gain attention

26
Q

Psychosomatic

A

-physical illness caused by emotional stress

27
Q

Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome

A

-the body’s natural, adaptive response to stress that is composed of three stages
•alarm reaction
•resistance
•exhaustion

28
Q

Alarm reaction

A

-sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activates in response to a stressor

29
Q

Resistance

A

-chronic state of SNS activation/arousal

30
Q

Exhaustion

A
  • health risks due to chronic stress response

- immunodeficiency

31
Q

Coping strategies

A

-positive or constructive techniques by which chronic stress can be reduced, emotional homeostasis restored

AP Psychology (7 decks)

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