states of consciousness Flashcards
consciousness
awareness of internal and external stimuli
(ex. feeling pain or seeing a bright light)
biological rhythms
internal cycles of biological activity
(ex. menstrual cycles)
homeostasis
tendency to maintain a balance/optimal level within a biological system
located in hypothalamus
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
our brains clock
located in hypothalamus
melatonin
released by pineal gland
regulates sleep-wake cycle
what hormones are secreted during sleep?
growth hormone, melatonin, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone
jet lag
symptoms that result from our environment doesn’t match our internal circadian cycles
occurs when traveling through time zones
circadian rhythms
biological rhythms that occur over 24 hours
ex. the sleep wake cycle
adaptive function of sleep
speed is an adaptive response to predatory risks- we sleep at night to be safe from predators
cognitive function
focuses on the fact that we need sleep for cognitive function and memory formation
NREM stage 1
transition between wakefulness and sleep
(alpha waves)
NREM stage 2
body goes into deep relaxation (theta waves)
NREM stages 3 and 4
slow-wave sleep (delta waves)
EEG
used to visually show the changes in brainwave activity during sleep
REM sleep
involves paralysis of voluntary muscles and dreams
rapid eye movement
REM rebound
ppl deprived of rem sleep will spend more time in rem sleep to make up for the lost time
sigmund freuds interpretation of dreams
a way to gain access to the unconscious
two types of content: manifest and latent
manifest content
actual content of dream
latent content
hidden meaning of dream
collective unconscious
believed symbols in dreams stood for specific things
shared by all cultures
insomnia
difficulty falling or staying asleep
at least 3 nights a week for at least a month
treatment: stress management, change problem behaviors, and cognitive behavioral therapy
parasomnia
unwanted motor behavior/ experiences during sleep
ex. sleepwalking, restless leg syndrome, night terrors
rem sleep
behavior disorder
muscle paralysis doesn’t happen with rem sleep, causes high physical activity
treated with anti anxiety med
restless leg syndrome
uncomfortable sensations in legs while trying to sleep, solved by moving legs
sleep apnea
ppl stop breathing in their sleep
obstructive (airway blocked) or central (cns doesn’t initiate breaths)
wear a cpap mask
sid’s
sudden infant death syndrome
infant dies because they stop breathing while asleep
narcolepsy
irresistible urge to sleep during waking hours
hallucinations and paralysis
treatment: psychomotor stimulant drugs
substance use disorder
pattern of drug use despite negative consequences
physiological dependence
changed in normal bodily functions when stop using
psychological dependence
emotion need for a drug
tolerance
ppl need more of a drug to get results that were previously achieved with a lower dose
withdrawal
negative symptoms when drug use stops
depressants
drugs that suppress cns activity
ex. alcohol, anxiety med
stimulants
increase levels of nervous system activity
opioids
decrease pain, highly addictive
ex. heroine, morphine
hallucinogens
cause changes in perceptual and sensory experiences
can involve hallucinations
hypnosis
extreme focus on the self involving suggested changes in experiences and behavior
clinicians use it
meditation
act of focusing on a single target (like breathing) to increase awareness of the moment
