emotion and motivation Flashcards
motivation
wants and needs that direct behavior towards a goal
intrinsic motivation
motivation from inside
behaviors performed for personal satisfaction
extrinsic motivation
come from external factors
behaviors performed to get something from others
overjustification effect
intrinsic motivation is diminished when extrinsic motivation is given
ex. doing something you enjoy for a job makes you less likely to do it for fun
instinct theory of motivation
william james
claims behaviors are driven by instincts
drive theory
homeostasis directs behaviors
deviation from homeostasis makes physiological needs and direct behavior to meet them
arousal theory
states there’s an optimal level of arousal everyone tries to maintain
yerkes-dodson law
says task performance is best when there’s a middle level of arousal
hard tasks better w lower levels, easy task better w higher levels
self-efficacy
one’s belief in their own ability to do a task
bandura
said self efficacy plays a role in motivating behavior
hierarchy of needs
abraham maslow
ranks motives by how important they are
satiation
feeing full and satisfied, causing eating to stop
leptin
hormone released by fat cells when satiety is reached
metabolic rate
amount of energy that is used in a given period of time
higher metabolic rates burn calories faster
set point theory
everyone has an ideal body weight/ set point that’s resistant to change
bariatric surgery
reduces size of stomach that is used for digestion
bullimia
binge eating behavior followed by attempts to compensate for the food consumed, like excessive exercise or laxitives
anorexia
maintenance of below average body weight through starvation and/or exercise
what parts of the brain are involved in motivation for sexual behavior
amygdala and nucleus accumbens
alfred kinsey
found men and women both masturbate and are equally experienced
also found homosexual activities to be fairly common
kinsey scale
used to categorize sexual orientation
masters and johnson’s research
observed ppl doing it and measured sexual arousal and physiological variables
sexual response cycle
- excitement
- plateau
- orgasm
- resolution
sexual orientation
emotional/ sexual attraction toward another person
gender identity
one’s sense of being male or female
gender dysphoria
diagnosis for ppl who don’t identify as gender most ppl would assume
must last 6 months and cause distress or dysfunction
transgender hormone therapy
using hormones to make body like the opposite gender
emotions
state of being we use to describe our feelings
usually happens in response to an experience
mood
prolonged, not as intense, may not be intentional or consciously recognized
james-lange theory
emotions come from
physiological arousal
cannon bard theory
physiological arousal and emotional experience occur at the same time but are independent of each other
schachter- singer two factor theory
emotions are composed of 2 factors, physiological and cognitive
lazarus cognitive mediational theory
emotions are determined by our evaluation of the stimulus
evaluation is immediate and unconscious
the limbic system
involved in mediating emotional response and memory
includes thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus
hypothalamus
activates sympathetic nervous system (part of emotional reaction)
plays important role in motivated behavior, including sex
thalamus
sensory relay center
neurons project to amygdala and higher cortical regions for further processing
amygdala
plays role in processing emotional info and sending it to cortical structures
hippocampus
combines emotional experience with cognition
cultural display rule
cultural rules or standards that say what kind of emotions are acceptable to be shown
facial feedback hypothesis
facial expressions can influence our emotions
