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Psychology > States of Consciousness > Flashcards

States of Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

This describes our awareness of internal and external stimuli.

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

This is a state marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is
distinct from periods of rest that occur during wakefulness

A

Sleep

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3
Q

This is characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior

A

Wakefulness

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4
Q

These are internal rhythms of biological activity

A

Biological Rhythms

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5
Q

This is a biological rhythm that takes place over a period of about 24 hours

A

Circadian Rhythm

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6
Q

It is the tendency to
maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system

A

Homeostasis

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7
Q

This is a main center of homeostasis.

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

The brain’s clock mechanism is located in an area of the hypothalamus known as the

A

suprachiasmatic
nucleus (SCN).

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9
Q

an endocrine structure located inside the brain that releases
melatonin, is thought to be involved in the regulation of various biological rhythms and of the immune
system during sleep

A

Pineal Gland

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10
Q

One important regulator of sleep-wake cycles
is the hormone…

A

Melatonin

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11
Q

refers to the brain’s control of switching between sleep
and wakefulness as well as coordinating this cycle with the outside world.

A

Sleep Regulation

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12
Q

is a collection of symptoms that
results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment.

A

Jet Lag

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13
Q

refers to a work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly
basis.

A

Rotating shift work

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14
Q

A person with a this does not get sufficient sleep on a chronic basis.

A

sleep debt

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15
Q

a study that combines
the results of many related studies,

A

Meta-Analysis

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16
Q

refers to the fact that a sleep deprived individual will fall asleep more quickly during subsequent opportunities for sleep

A

Sleep Rebound

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17
Q

Sleep is also associated with the secretion and regulation of a number of hormones from several endocrine
glands including:

A

melatonin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and growth
hormone

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18
Q

secretes growth hormone, during sleep, which plays a role in physical growth and maturation as well as other metabolic processes

A

Pituitary Gland

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19
Q

is thought to be involved in the regulation of various biological
rhythms and the immune system

A

Melatonin

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20
Q

is a discipline that studies how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have
evolved over time as a result of natural selection

A

Evolutionary Psychology

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21
Q

is characterized by darting movements of the eyes under closed eyelids.

A

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

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22
Q

is subdivided into four stages distinguished from each other and from wakefulness by characteristic patterns
of brain waves.

A

Non-REM (NREM) Sleep

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23
Q

is a transitional phase that occurs between wakefulness and sleep, the period during which we drift off to sleep.

A

Stage 1 Sleep

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24
Q

stage 1 sleep is associated with these 2 waves

A

Alpha and Theta Waves

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25
Q

which are relatively low frequency (8–13Hz), high
amplitude patterns of electrical activity (waves) that become synchronized

A

Alpha Waves

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26
Q

are even lower frequency
(4–7 Hz), higher amplitude brain waves than alpha waves.

A

Theta Waves

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27
Q

the body goes into a state of deep relaxation.

A

Stage 2 Sleep

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28
Q

is a rapid burst of higher frequency brain waves that may be important for
learning and memory

A

Sleep Spindle

29
Q

is a very high amplitude pattern of brain activity that may in some cases occur in response to environmental stimuli.

A

K-Complex

30
Q

is the actual content, or storyline, of a dream.

A

Manifest Content

31
Q

is often referred to as deep sleep or slow-wave sleep because this stage is characterized by low
frequency (less than 3 Hz), high amplitude delta waves

A

Stage 3

32
Q

on the other hand, refers to the hidden meaning of a dream

A

Latent Content

33
Q

is a theoretical repository of information he believed to be shared by everyone.

A

Collective unconscious

34
Q

are dreams in which certain aspects of wakefulness are maintained during a dream state.

A

Lucid Dream

35
Q

a consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep, is the most common of the sleep disorder

A

Insomnia

36
Q

is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on cognitive processes and problem
behaviors

A

Cognitive-Behavioral therapy

37
Q

is one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/
or experiences during sleep play a role

A

Parasomnia

38
Q

or somnambulism, the sleeper engages in relatively complex behaviors ranging from
wandering about to driving an automobile. Most often occurs in slow wave sleep

A

Sleepwalking

39
Q

occurs when the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep
phase does not occur.

A

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

40
Q

an anti-anxiety medication with sedative properties, is most often used to treat RBD.

A

Clonazepam

41
Q

e has uncomfortable sensations in the legs during periods of inactivity or when trying to fall asleep.

A

Restless leg syndrome

42
Q

this results in a sense of panic in the sufferer and are often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape from the immediate environment. Seems to occur at NREM phase at sleep

A

Night terrors

43
Q

is defined by episodes during which a sleeper’s breathing stops.

A

Sleep Apnea

44
Q

Two types of sleep apnea

A

obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea

45
Q

occurs when an individual’s airway becomes blocked during sleep, and air is prevented from
entering the lungs.

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

46
Q

disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing cause periods of interrupted breathing

A

central sleep apnea

47
Q

device includes a mask that fits over the sleeper’s nose
and mouth, which is connected to a pump that pumps air into the person’s airways, forcing them to remain open

A

Continuous positive airway pressure

48
Q

an infant stops breathing during sleep and dies.

A

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

49
Q

a person with this cannot resist falling asleep at inopportune times

A

narcolepsy

50
Q

which is a lack of
muscle tone or muscle weakness, and in some cases involves complete paralysis of the voluntary muscles.

A

Cataplexy

51
Q

is used by clinicians to diagnose individuals suffering from various psychological disorders

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)

52
Q

has an emotional, rather than physical, need for the drug and may use the drug to relieve psychological distress

A

Psychological dependence

52
Q

involves changes in normal bodily functions—the user will experience withdrawal
from the drug upon cessation of use.

A

Physical dependence

52
Q

is linked to physiological dependence, and it occurs when a person requires more and more drug to achieve effects previously experienced at lower doses.

A

Tolerance

52
Q

l includes a variety of negative symptoms experienced when drug use is discontinued.
These symptoms usually are opposite of the effects of the drug.

A

Drug withdrawal

53
Q

is a drug that tends to suppress central nervous system activity

A

Depressant

54
Q

if a pregnant woman consumes alcohol, her infant may be born with a
cluster of birth defects and symptoms collectively called

A

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) or Fetal syndrome disorder (FSD)

55
Q

are drugs that tend to increase overall levels of neural activity

A

Stimulants

56
Q

often called “crystal meth” due to its resemblance to rock crystal formations, is highly addictive. Is a type of amphetamine that can be made from ingredients that are readily available

A

Methamphetamine

56
Q

feelings of intense elation and pleasure, especially in those users who take the drug via intravenous injection or smoking.

A

Euphoric high

56
Q

is a neurotransmitter that promotes sleep

A

Adenosin

57
Q

is one of a category of drugs that includes heroin, morphine, methadone, and codeine.

A

Opioid

58
Q

are derivatives of opium, which is a naturally occurring compound found in the poppy plant.

A

Opiates

59
Q

is a synthetic opioid that is less euphorigenic than heroin and
similar drugs.

A

Methadone

60
Q

s help people who previously struggled with opioid addiction manage withdrawal symptoms through the use of methadone

A

Methadone clinics

60
Q

is an opioid with relatively low potency

A

Codeine

61
Q

is one of a class of drugs that results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual
experiences

A

Hallucinogen

62
Q

is a state of extreme self-focus and attention in which minimal attention is given to external
stimuli

A

Hypnosis

63
Q

is the act of focusing on a single target (such as the breath or a repeated sound) to increase
awareness of the moment

A

Meditation

Psychology (17 decks)

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