Lifespan development Flashcards
adjustment of a schema by changing a scheme to accommodate new information
different from what was already known
Accommodation
maturing of the adrenal glands
Adrenarche
period of development that begins at puberty and ends at early adulthood
Adolescence
a written legal document that details specific interventions a person wants
Advance directive
adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known
assimilation
long-standing connection or bond with other
Attachment
parents place a high value on conformity and obedience, are often rigid,
and express little warmth to the child
Authoritarian parenting style
parents give children reasonable demands and consistent limits, express
warmth and affection, and listen to the child’s point of view
Authoritative parenting style
characterized by child’s unresponsiveness to parent, does not use the parent as a
secure base, and does not care if parent leaves
Avoidant attachment
domain of lifespan development that examines learning, attention, memory,
language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity
Cognitive development
ability to take the perspective of others and to feel concern for others
Cognitive empathy
when a sperm fertilizes an egg and forms a zygote
Conception
third stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from about 7 to 11
years old, children can think logically about real (concrete) events
Concrete operational stage
idea that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size, volume,
or number as long as nothing is added or removed
Conservation
view that development is a cumulative process: gradually improving on
existing skills
Continuous develpment
time during fetal growth when specific parts or organs develop
Critical (sensitive) period
approximate ages at which children reach specific normative events
Developmental milestone
view that development takes place in unique stages, which happen at
specific times or ages
Discontinuous development
characterized by the child’s odd behavior when faced with the parent; type of
attachment seen most often with kids that are abused
Disorganized attachment
a legal document stating that if a person stops breathing or his or her heart
stops, medical personnel such as doctors and nurses are not to take steps to revive or resuscitate the
patient
Do not resuscitate (DNR)
preoperational child’s difficulty in taking the perspective of others
Egocentrism
multi-cellular organism in its early stages of development
Embryo
newly defined period of lifespan development from 18 years old to the mid-20s;
young people are taking longer to complete college, get a job, get married, and start a family
Emerging adulthood
use of muscles in fingers, toes, and eyes to coordinate small actions
Fine motor skills
final stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from age 11 and up,
children are able to deal with abstract ideas and hypothetical situations
Former operational stage
maturing of the sex glands
GOnadarche
use of large muscle groups to control arms and legs for large body movements
Gross motor skills
a legal document that appoints a specific person to make medical decisions for a
patient if he or she is unable to speak for him/herself
Health care proxy
service that provides a death with dignity; pain management in a humane and comfortable
environment; usually outside of a hospital setting
Hospice
a written legal document that details specific interventions a person wants; may include
health care proxy
Living will
process of cell division
Mitosis
beginning of menstrual period; around 12–13 years old
Menarche
ability to move our body and manipulate objects
Motor skills
genes and biology
Genes
inborn automatic response to a particular form of stimulation that all healthy babies
are born with
Newborn reflexes
study of development using norms, or average ages, when most children reach
specific developmental milestones
Normative approach
environment and culture
Nurture
idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists
Object permance
parents make few demands and rarely use punishment
Permissive parenting style
domain of lifespan development that examines growth and changes in the body
and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness
Physical development
structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen to the developing
baby
Placenta
medical care during pregnancy that monitors the health of both the mother and the fetus
Prenatal care
second stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from ages 2 to 7,
children learn to use symbols and language but do not understand mental operations and often think
illogically
Preoperational stage
organs specifically needed for reproduction
Primary sexual characteristics
process proposed by Freud in which pleasure-seeking urges focus on different erogenous zones of the body as humans move through five stages of life
Psychosexual development
domain of lifespan development that examines emotions, personality, and
social relationships
Psychosocial development
process proposed by Erikson in which social tasks are mastered as humans
move through eight stages of life from infancy to adulthood
Psychosocial development
characterized by the child’s tendency to show clingy behavior and rejection of the
parent when she attempts to interact with the child
Resistant attachment
principle that objects can be changed, but then returned back to their original form or
condition
Reversibility
concept (mental model) that is used to help us categorize and interpret information
Schema (schemata)
characterized by the child using the parent as a secure base from which to explore
Secure attachment
physical signs of sexual maturation that do not directly involve sex organs
Secondary sexual charactieristics
parental presence that gives the infant/toddler a sense of safety as he explores his
surroundings
Secure base
first stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from birth through age 2, a
child learns about the world through senses and motor behavior
Sensorimotor stage
social support/friendships dwindle in number, but remain as close, if
not more close than in earlier years
Socioemotional selectivity theory
first male ejaculation
Spermarche
process proposed by Kohlberg; humans move through three stages of moral
development
Stage of moral reasoning
innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environment
Temperament
biological, chemical, or physical environmental agent that causes damage to the developing
embryo or fetus
Teratogen
parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful;
they don’t respond to the child’s needs and make relatively few demands
Uninvolved parenting style
structure created when a sperm and egg merge at conception; begins as a single cell and rapidly
divides to form the embryo and placenta
Zygote
