Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

electrical signal that moves down the neuron’s axon

A

Action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sits atop our kidneys and secretes hormones involved in the stress response

A

Adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

drug that mimics or strengthens the effects of a neurotransmitter

A

Agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

phenomenon that incoming signal from another neuron is either sufficient or insufficient to reach the threshold of excitation

A

All-or-none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

specific version of a gene

A

Allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

drug that blocks or impedes the normal activity of a given neurotransmitter

A

Antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

structure in the limbic system involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional
meaning to our memories

A

Amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

strip of cortex in the temporal lobe that is responsible for processing auditory
information

A

Auditory complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

controls our internal organs and glands

A

Autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

major extension of the soma

A

Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

view that psychological disorders like depression and schizophrenia are
associated with imbalances in one or more neurotransmitter systems

A

Biological perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

region in the left hemisphere that is essential for language production

A

Broca’s Area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hindbrain structure that controls our balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills, and
it is thought to be important in processing some types of memories

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

surface of the brain that is associated with our highest mental capabilities

A

Cerebral Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

imaging technique in which a computer coordinates and integrates
multiple x-rays of a given area

A

Computerized Tomography (CT) scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

long strand of genetic information

A

Chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

thick band of neural fibers connecting the brain’s two hemisphere

A

Corpus Callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ranch-like extension of the soma that receives incoming signals from other neurons

A

Dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

helix-shaped molecule made of nucleotide base pairs

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

disease related to insufficient insulin production

A

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

allele whose phenotype will be expressed in an individual that possesses that allele

A

Dominant allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

recording the electrical activity of the brain via electrodes on the scalp

A

Electroencephalography (EEG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

series of glands that produce chemical substances known as hormones

A

Endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

study of gene-environment interactions, such as how the same genotype leads to different phenotypes

A

Epigenetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

activation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system,
allowing access to energy reserves and heightened sensory capacity so that we might fight off a given
threat or run away to safety

A

Flight or fight response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

twins who develop from two different eggs fertilized by different sperm, so their genetic
material varies the same as in non-twin siblings

A

Fraternal twins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

art of the cerebral cortex involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language;
contains motor cortex

A

Frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

MRI that shows changes in metabolic activity over time

A

Functional Magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

largest part of the brain, containing the cerebral cortex, the thalamus, and the limbic system, among other structures

A

Forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

sequence of DNA that controls or partially controls physical characteristics

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

genetic makeup of an individual

A

Genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

view of gene-environment interaction that asserts our genes affect
our environment, and our environment influences the expression of our genes

A

Genetic environmental correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

nervous system cell that provides physical and metabolic support to neurons, including
neuronal insulation and communication, and nutrient and waste transport

A

Glial cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

secretes sexual hormones, which are important for successful reproduction, and mediate both
sexual motivation and behavior

A

Gonad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

bump or ridge on the cerebral cortex

A

Gyrus (plural: Gyri)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

left or right half of the brain

A

Hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

consisting of two different alleles

A

heterozygous

33
Q

division of the brain containing the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

A

hindbrain

34
Q

structure in the temporal lobe associated with learning and memory

A

Hippocampus

35
Q

state of equilibrium—biological conditions, such as body temperature, are maintained at
optimal levels

A

Homeostasis

36
Q

consisting of two identical alleles

A

Homozygous

37
Q

chemical messenger released by endocrine glands

A

Hormone

38
Q

forebrain structure that regulates sexual motivation and behavior and a number of
homeostatic processes; serves as an interface between the nervous system and the endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus

39
Q

twins that develop from the same sperm and egg

A

Identical twins

40
Q

concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions

A

laterization

41
Q

deep groove in the brain’s cortex

A

Longitudinal fissure

42
Q

collection of structures involved in processing emotion and memory

A

Limbic system

43
Q

hindbrain structure that controls automated processes like breathing, blood pressure, and heart
rate

A

Medulla

44
Q

magnetic fields used to produce a picture of the tissue being imaged

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

45
Q

difference in charge across the neuronal membrane

A

Membrane potential

46
Q

division of the brain located between the forebrain and the hindbrain; contains the reticular
formation

A

Midbrain

46
Q

strip of cortex involved in planning and coordinating movement

A

Motor cortex

46
Q

sudden, permanent change in a gene

A

Mutation

46
Q

fatty substance that insulates axons

A

Myelin sheath

46
Q

cells in the nervous system that act as interconnected information processors, which are essential for all of the tasks of the nervous system

A

Neurons

47
Q

nervous system’s ability to change

A

Neuroplasticity

47
Q

chemical messenger of the nervous system

A

Neurotransmitter

47
Q

open spaces that are found in the myelin sheath that encases the axon

A

Nodes of ranvier

48
Q

part of the cerebral cortex associated with visual processing; contains the primary visual
cortex

A

Occipital lobe

49
Q

secretes hormones that regulate blood sugar

A

Pancreas

50
Q

associated with routine, day-to-day operations of the body

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

51
Q

part of the cerebral cortex involved in processing various sensory and perceptual
information; contains the primary somatosensory cortex

A

Parietal lobe

52
Q

connects the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, organs and senses in the periphery of the body

A

Peripheral nervous system

53
Q

secretes a number of key hormones, which regulate fluid levels in the body, and a
number of messenger hormones, which direct the activity of other glands in the endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland

53
Q

individual’s inheritable physical characteristics

A

Phenotype

54
Q

multiple genes affecting a given trait

A

Polygenic

55
Q

hindbrain structure that connects the brain and spinal cord; involved in regulating brain activity
during sleep

A

Pons

56
Q

involves injecting individuals with a mildly radioactive
substance and monitoring changes in blood flow to different regions of the brain

A

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

57
Q

area in the frontal lobe responsible for higher-level cognitive functioning

A

Prefrontal cortex

58
Q

drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring neurotransmitter balance

A

Psychotropic medication

59
Q

asserts our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our
environment interacts with the genes to determine where in that range we will fall

A

Range of reaction

60
Q

protein on the cell surface where neurotransmitters attach

A

Receptor

61
Q

allele whose phenotype will be expressed only if an individual is homozygous for that
allele

A

Recessive allele

62
Q

the state of readiness of a neuron membrane’s potential between signals

A

Resting potential

62
Q

midbrain structure important in regulating the sleep/wake cycle, arousal, alertness,
and motor activity

A

reticular formation

63
Q

neurotransmitter is pumped back into the neuron that released it

A

Reuptake

64
Q

cell membrane that allows smaller molecules or molecules without an
electrical charge to pass through it, while stopping larger or highly charged molecules

A

semipermeable membrane

65
Q

cell body

A

Soma

66
Q

relays sensory and motor information to and from the CNS

A

Somatic nervous system

67
Q

essential for processing sensory information from across the body, such as touch,
temperature, and pain

A

Somatosensory cortex

68
Q

midbrain structure where dopamine is produced; involved in control of movement

A

Substantia nigra

69
Q

depressions or grooves in the cerebral cortex

A

Sulcus (sulci)

70
Q

involved in stress-related activities and functions

A

Sympathetic nervous system

71
Q

small gap between two neurons where communication occurs

A

Synaptic cleft

72
Q

storage site for neurotransmitters

A

Synaptic vesicle

73
Q

part of cerebral cortex associated with hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of
language; contains primary auditory cortex

A

Temporal lobe

74
Q

axon terminal containing synaptic vesicles

A

Terminal button

75
Q

sensory relay for the brain

A

Thalamus

76
Q

states that organisms that are better suited for their
environments will survive and reproduce compared to those that are poorly suited for their
environments

A

Theory of evolution by natural selection

77
Q

level of charge in the membrane that causes the neuron to become active

A

Threshold of excitation

78
Q

secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and appetite

A

Thyroid

79
Q

midbrain structure where dopamine is produced: associated with mood,
reward, and addiction

A

Ventral tegmental area (VTA)

80
Q

important for speech comprehension

A

Wernicke’s area

Psychology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions