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Psychology > Sensations and Percpetions > Flashcards

Sensations and Percpetions Flashcards

1
Q

minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be
detected 50% of the time

A

Absolute Threshold

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2
Q

height of a wave

A

Amplitude

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2
Q

continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus

A

Afterimage

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3
Q

thin strip of tissue within the cochlea that contains the hair cells which serve as the
sensory receptors for the auditory system

A

Basilar membrane

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3
Q

two-eared cue to localize sound

A

Binaural cue

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4
Q

cue that relies on the use of both eyes

A

Binocular cue

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4
Q

slightly different view of the world that each eye receive

A

Binocular disparity

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5
Q

point where we cannot respond to visual information in that portion of the visual field

A

Blind spot

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6
Q

system in which perceptions are built from sensory input

A

Button-up processing

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7
Q

organizing our perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts

A

Closure

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8
Q

fluid-filled, snail-shaped structure that contains the sensory receptor cells of the auditory system

A

Cochlea

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9
Q

electronic device that consists of a microphone, a speech processor, and an electrode
array to directly stimulate the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain

A

Cochlea implant

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10
Q

failure in the vibration of the eardrum and/or movement of the ossicles

A

Conductive hearing loss

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11
Q

specialized photoreceptor that works best in bright light conditions and detects color

A

Cone

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12
Q

deafness from birth

A

Congenital deafness

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13
Q

genetic disorder that results in the inability to
experience pain

A

congenital insensitivity to pain (congenital analgesia)

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14
Q

transparent covering over the eye

A

Cornea

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15
Q

partial or complete inability to hear

A

Deafness

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16
Q

logarithmic unit of sound intensity

A

Decibels

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17
Q

ability to perceive depth

A

Perception

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18
Q

all the electromagnetic radiation that occurs in our environment

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

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19
Q

segmenting our visual world into figure and ground

A

Figure ground relationship

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20
Q

small indentation in the retina that contains cones

A

Fovea

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21
Q

number of waves that pass a given point in a given time period

A

Frequency

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22
field of psychology based on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts
Gestalt psychology
23
(also, continuity) we are more likely to perceive continuous, smooth flowing lines rather than jagged, broken lines
Good continuation
24
auditory receptor cell of the inner ear
Hair cell
25
cycles per second; measure of frequency
Hertz
26
failure to notice something that is completely visible because of a lack of attention
Inattentional blindness
27
middle ear ossicle; also known as the anvil
Incus
28
signal that some type of tissue damage has occurred
Inflammatory pain
29
sound coming from one side of the body is more intense at the closest ear because of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes through the head
Interaural level difference
30
small difference in the time at which a given sound wave arrives at each ear
Interaural timing difference
31
colored portion of the eye
Iris
32
difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli
Just noticeable difference
33
perception of the body’s movement through space
Kinesthesia
34
curved, transparent structure that provides additional focus for light entering the eye
Lens
35
perceive depth in an image when two parallel lines seem to converge
Linear perspective
36
middle ear ossicle; also known as the hammer
Malleus
37
touch receptor that responds to pressure and lower frequency vibrations
Meissner’s corpuscle
38
touch receptor that responds to light touch
Merkel's disk
39
one-eared cue to localize sound
Monoaural cue
40
cue that requires only one eye
Monocular cue
41
results in a degeneration of inner ear structures that can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and an increase in pressure within the inner ear
Meniere's disease
42
pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or central nervous system
Neuropathic pain
43
sensory cell for the olfactory system
Olfactory receptors
43
sensory signal indicating potential harm and maybe pain
Nociception
43
bulb-like structure at the tip of the frontal lobe, where the olfactory nerves begin
Olfactory bulb
43
color is coded in opponent pairs: black-white, yellow-blue, and red-green
opponent-process theory of color perception
44
x-shaped structure that sits just below the brain’s ventral surface; represents the merging of the optic nerves from the two eyes and the separation of information from the two sides of the visual field to the opposite side of the brain
Optic chiasm
45
carries visual information from the retina to the brain
Optic nerves
46
touch receptor that detects transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations
Pacinian corpuscle
46
way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced
Perception
46
ability to discriminate among different figures and shapes
Pattern perception
46
(also, crest) highest point of a wave
Peak
47
educated guess used to interpret sensory information
Perceptual hypothesis
48
chemical message sent by another individual
Pheromone
49
light-detecting cell
Photoreceptor
50
visible part of the ear that protrudes from the head
Pinna
51
perception of a sound’s frequency
Pitch
52
different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies
place theory of pitch perception
53
organize perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts
Principle of closure
54
perception of body position
Proprioception
55
things that are close to one another tend to be grouped together
Proximity
56
small opening in the eye through which light passes
Pupil
57
light-sensitive lining of the eye
Retina
58
specialized photoreceptor that works well in low light condition
Rod
59
touch receptor that detects stretch
Ruffini Corpuscle
60
what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor
Sensation
61
failure to transmit neural signals from the cochlea to the brain
Sensorineural Hearing loss
62
not perceiving stimuli that remain relatively constant over prolonged periods of time
sensory adaptation
62
things that are alike tend to be grouped together
Similarity
62
change in stimulus detection as a function of current mental state
Signal detection theory
62
middle ear ossicle; also known as the stirrup
Stapes
63
message presented below the threshold of conscious awareness
Subliminal message
64
grouping of taste receptor cells with hair-like extensions that protrude into the central pore of the taste bud
taste bud
65
sound’s frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron
Temporal theory of pitch perception
66
temperature perception
Thermoception
67
sound’s purity
Timbre
68
interpretation of sensations is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts
Top-down processing
69
conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential
Transduction
70
71
72
73
74
75
color vision is mediated by the activity across the three groups of cones
Trichromatic theory of color perception
75
Another word for eardrum
Tympanic membrane
75
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see
Visible spectrum
75
lowest point of a wave
Trough
75
taste for monosodium glutamate
Umami
75
contributes to our ability to maintain balance and body posture
Vestibular sense
75
length of a wave from one peak to the next peak
Wavelength
75
spinning sensation
Vertigo

Psychology (17 decks)

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