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Psychology > Sensations and Percpetions > Flashcards

Sensations and Percpetions Flashcards

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1
Q

minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be
detected 50% of the time

A

Absolute Threshold

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2
Q

height of a wave

A

Amplitude

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2
Q

continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus

A

Afterimage

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3
Q

thin strip of tissue within the cochlea that contains the hair cells which serve as the
sensory receptors for the auditory system

A

Basilar membrane

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3
Q

two-eared cue to localize sound

A

Binaural cue

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4
Q

cue that relies on the use of both eyes

A

Binocular cue

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4
Q

slightly different view of the world that each eye receive

A

Binocular disparity

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5
Q

point where we cannot respond to visual information in that portion of the visual field

A

Blind spot

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6
Q

system in which perceptions are built from sensory input

A

Button-up processing

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7
Q

organizing our perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts

A

Closure

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8
Q

fluid-filled, snail-shaped structure that contains the sensory receptor cells of the auditory system

A

Cochlea

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9
Q

electronic device that consists of a microphone, a speech processor, and an electrode
array to directly stimulate the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain

A

Cochlea implant

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10
Q

failure in the vibration of the eardrum and/or movement of the ossicles

A

Conductive hearing loss

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11
Q

specialized photoreceptor that works best in bright light conditions and detects color

A

Cone

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12
Q

deafness from birth

A

Congenital deafness

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13
Q

genetic disorder that results in the inability to
experience pain

A

congenital insensitivity to pain (congenital analgesia)

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14
Q

transparent covering over the eye

A

Cornea

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15
Q

partial or complete inability to hear

A

Deafness

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16
Q

logarithmic unit of sound intensity

A

Decibels

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17
Q

ability to perceive depth

A

Perception

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18
Q

all the electromagnetic radiation that occurs in our environment

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

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19
Q

segmenting our visual world into figure and ground

A

Figure ground relationship

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20
Q

small indentation in the retina that contains cones

A

Fovea

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21
Q

number of waves that pass a given point in a given time period

A

Frequency

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22
Q

field of psychology based on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its
parts

A

Gestalt psychology

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23
Q

(also, continuity) we are more likely to perceive continuous, smooth flowing lines
rather than jagged, broken lines

A

Good continuation

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24
Q

auditory receptor cell of the inner ear

A

Hair cell

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25
Q

cycles per second; measure of frequency

A

Hertz

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26
Q

failure to notice something that is completely visible because of a lack of
attention

A

Inattentional blindness

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27
Q

middle ear ossicle; also known as the anvil

A

Incus

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28
Q

signal that some type of tissue damage has occurred

A

Inflammatory pain

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29
Q

sound coming from one side of the body is more intense at the closest ear
because of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes through the head

A

Interaural level difference

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30
Q

small difference in the time at which a given sound wave arrives at each ear

A

Interaural timing difference

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31
Q

colored portion of the eye

A

Iris

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32
Q

difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli

A

Just noticeable difference

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33
Q

perception of the body’s movement through space

A

Kinesthesia

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34
Q

curved, transparent structure that provides additional focus for light entering the eye

A

Lens

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35
Q

perceive depth in an image when two parallel lines seem to converge

A

Linear perspective

36
Q

middle ear ossicle; also known as the hammer

A

Malleus

37
Q

touch receptor that responds to pressure and lower frequency vibrations

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

38
Q

touch receptor that responds to light touch

A

Merkel’s disk

39
Q

one-eared cue to localize sound

A

Monoaural cue

40
Q

cue that requires only one eye

A

Monocular cue

41
Q

results in a degeneration of inner ear structures that can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus,
vertigo, and an increase in pressure within the inner ear

A

Meniere’s disease

42
Q

pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or central nervous system

A

Neuropathic pain

43
Q

sensory cell for the olfactory system

A

Olfactory receptors

43
Q

sensory signal indicating potential harm and maybe pain

A

Nociception

43
Q

bulb-like structure at the tip of the frontal lobe, where the olfactory nerves begin

A

Olfactory bulb

43
Q

color is coded in opponent pairs: black-white, yellow-blue,
and red-green

A

opponent-process theory of color perception

44
Q

x-shaped structure that sits just below the brain’s ventral surface; represents the merging of
the optic nerves from the two eyes and the separation of information from the two sides of the visual field
to the opposite side of the brain

A

Optic chiasm

45
Q

carries visual information from the retina to the brain

A

Optic nerves

46
Q

touch receptor that detects transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations

A

Pacinian corpuscle

46
Q

way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

A

Perception

46
Q

ability to discriminate among different figures and shapes

A

Pattern perception

46
Q

(also, crest) highest point of a wave

A

Peak

47
Q

educated guess used to interpret sensory information

A

Perceptual hypothesis

48
Q

chemical message sent by another individual

A

Pheromone

49
Q

light-detecting cell

A

Photoreceptor

50
Q

visible part of the ear that protrudes from the head

A

Pinna

51
Q

perception of a sound’s frequency

A

Pitch

52
Q

different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of
different frequencies

A

place theory of pitch perception

53
Q

organize perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts

A

Principle of closure

54
Q

perception of body position

A

Proprioception

55
Q

things that are close to one another tend to be grouped together

A

Proximity

56
Q

small opening in the eye through which light passes

A

Pupil

57
Q

light-sensitive lining of the eye

A

Retina

58
Q

specialized photoreceptor that works well in low light condition

A

Rod

59
Q

touch receptor that detects stretch

A

Ruffini Corpuscle

60
Q

what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor

A

Sensation

61
Q

failure to transmit neural signals from the cochlea to the brain

A

Sensorineural Hearing loss

62
Q

not perceiving stimuli that remain relatively constant over prolonged periods of time

A

sensory adaptation

62
Q

things that are alike tend to be grouped together

A

Similarity

62
Q

change in stimulus detection as a function of current mental state

A

Signal detection theory

62
Q

middle ear ossicle; also known as the stirrup

A

Stapes

63
Q

message presented below the threshold of conscious awareness

A

Subliminal message

64
Q

grouping of taste receptor cells with hair-like extensions that protrude into the central pore of the taste bud

A

taste bud

65
Q

sound’s frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron

A

Temporal theory of pitch perception

66
Q

temperature perception

A

Thermoception

67
Q

sound’s purity

A

Timbre

68
Q

interpretation of sensations is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and
thoughts

A

Top-down processing

69
Q

conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential

A

Transduction

70
Q
A
71
Q
A
72
Q
A
73
Q
A
74
Q
A
75
Q

color vision is mediated by the activity across the three groups
of cones

A

Trichromatic theory of color perception

75
Q

Another word for eardrum

A

Tympanic membrane

75
Q

portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see

A

Visible spectrum

75
Q

lowest point of a wave

A

Trough

75
Q

taste for monosodium glutamate

A

Umami

75
Q

contributes to our ability to maintain balance and body posture

A

Vestibular sense

75
Q

length of a wave from one peak to the next peak

A

Wavelength

75
Q

spinning sensation

A

Vertigo

Psychology (17 decks)

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