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ANIMAL CHIROPRACTIC LECTURE > STARRED > Flashcards

STARRED Flashcards

1
Q

UCP clinical sign

A

ataxia

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2
Q

CP clinical sign

A

knuckling while standing or walking

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3
Q

maintains posture when sitting standing and walking

A

UCP

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4
Q

axons in UCP travel in the

A

spinocerebellar tracts

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5
Q

UCP processed in the

A

ipsilateral cerebellum

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6
Q

test for postural sway

A

UCP

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7
Q

facilitates complex motor activity - catching a frisbee

A

CP

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8
Q

CP axons travel in the

A

DCML - dorsal columns

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9
Q

large myelinated fibers

A

CP

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10
Q

CP processed in the

A

contralateral cortex

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11
Q

late, mild muscle atrophy

A

UMN

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12
Q

normal to increased tone

A

UMN

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13
Q

spastic paresis

A

UMN

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14
Q

normal to hyperreflexia

A

UMN

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15
Q

decreased proprioception

A

UMN

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16
Q

decreased nociception

A

UMN

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17
Q

rapid muscle atrophy

A

LMN

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18
Q

flaccid paresis to paralysis

A

LMN

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19
Q

hyporeflexia

A

LMN

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20
Q

loss of sensation in associated dermatome

A

LMN

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21
Q

local paresthesia or hyperesthesia

A

LMN

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22
Q

neurological exam reflex response scale 0

A

0 - no reflex - LMN

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23
Q

neurological exam reflex response scale 1

A

1 - diminished; hyporeflexia - LMN

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24
Q

neurological exam reflex response scale 2

A

2 - brisk, modulated - normal

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25
Q

neurological exam reflex response scale 3

A

3 - increased; hyperreflexia - UMN

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26
Q

neurological exam reflex response scale 4

A

4 - increased, prolonged; clonus - UMN

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27
Q

pinch toes with hemostats determine if leg feels pain - watch eyes, watch response

A

no response - absence of deep pain - bad prognostic

indicator of vet for surgery - chiro recommend surgery but if can’t afford = adjust

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28
Q

withdrawal reflex - pinch toes with hemostat

A

pulls leg back - normal

could be diminished for hyper

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29
Q

dog came in draggin back legs in the door - if you can’t treat him, put him to sleep

A

adjust Frid, next Friday walked in the door

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30
Q

Toe pinch front

A

C6-T2

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31
Q

toe pinch back

A

L7-S2

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32
Q

triceps tendon

A

C7-T1

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33
Q

patellar tendon

A

L4-6

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34
Q

perineal reflex

A

S1-3

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35
Q

sensation - pinprick sensation use needle or pinwheel

A

start distally and test proximally

watch for absence of reaction to pricking

relate the zone of anesthesia to known dermatomes

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36
Q

Loss of function develops in a sequence

A

proprioception
voluntary motor activity
superficial sensation
deep pain - last to go

used to predict severity of spinal cord compression in IVDD

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37
Q

absence of deep apin is

A

major spinal core compression

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38
Q

used to predict severity of spinal core compression in IVDD

A

sensation - nociception

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39
Q

sensation - nociception

A

loss of function develops in a sequence

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40
Q

CN 1

A

oflactory nerve
special sense of smell
absence of smell (anosmia) may affect appetite - esp in cats
rhinitis is a common cause of loss of smell
irritating odors may stimulate CN 5 and cause sneezing

41
Q

CN 2

A

optic nerve

sensory path for vision and pupillary light response

42
Q

CN 3

A

anisocoria - differing pupil sizes

motor to most of the extrinsic eye muscles and levator palpebrae

lesion of CN3 can cause ventrolateral strabismus

43
Q

parasympathetic pathway pupilllary constriction

A

consensual - 50% pupillary constriction

direct - 100% pupillary constriction

44
Q

clinical signs of Horner’s disease

A

miosis
enopthamos
ptosis
prolapse of 3rd eyelid

45
Q

disruption of sympathetic patheway to the head

A

horner’s disease

46
Q

miosis

A

pupil will not dilate

47
Q

enophthalmos

A

pupil pulls back

48
Q

ptosis

A

drooping of the lid

49
Q

adjustment for horner’s disease

A

T1 adjustment

50
Q

CN 4

A

trochlear nerve

superior oblique muscle of the eye

testing is very difficult in animals and not commonly done

51
Q

CN 5, V3

A

motor to muscles of mastication, check jaw tone

motor to masseter and temporalis m.

sensation to the face as well

dog may not close the mouth of open etc

52
Q

CN 5

A

trigeminal nerve

sensory to the skin of the face

ophthalmic division - cornea, dorsal eyelids

mandibular divison

53
Q

CN 6

A

motor to lateral rectus muscle and retractor bulbi muscles

54
Q

CN 7

A

motor innervation to superficial muscles of the face

menace reflex

55
Q

motor to face

sensation to face

A

facial nerve

trigeminal nerve

56
Q

bells palsy canine

A

CN7 facial nerve

57
Q

CN 8

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

cochlear nerve conveys sense of hearing

deaf and blind dogs do amazingly well

hair cells of the inner ear - activate CN 8

central pathway runs to the medial geneculate

58
Q

CN 8 axons

A

axons from the inner ear project to vestibular nuclei in the medulla and cerebellum

59
Q

2nd order neurons in CN 8 descend in the spinal cord to facilitate

A

extensor tone

60
Q

ascending fibers CN 8

A

run to the motor nuclei of CN3, 4, 6; reticular formation

61
Q

clinical signs peripheral vestibular disease

A 
head tilt, ipsilateral
spontaneous nystagmus
falling, circling, or leaning to the same side as the lesion
ataxia - cerebellar nuclei
always check for middle ear infections
62
Q

Major cliniical sign peripheral vestibular disease

A

head tilt, ipsilateral

63
Q

horizontal or rotatory nystagmus with fast phase always in the direction opposite the head tilt

patient may have concomitant ipsilateral facial nerve paresis or paralysis or horner syndrome

because of the lcose association of cranial nerves 8 and 7 in the petrosal bone and the sympathetic nervous system in the tympanic bulla

A

peripheral deficits

64
Q

vertical, horizontal, or rotatory nystagmus that can change with the position of the head

altered mentation

ipsilateral paresis or proprioceptive deficitis

other signs related to the cerebellum, rostral medulla, and caudal pons

in some patients multiple cranial nerve involvement other than cranial nerve 8

A

central deficits

65
Q

caused by lesions in the cerebellar peduncles, cerebellar medulla, or flocculonodular lobes of the cerebellum

vestibular signs - head tilt with nystagmus are opposite the side of the lesion

cerebellar signs and the proprioceptive deficits are ipsilateral to the lesion

A

paradoxical vestibular syndrome

66
Q

CN 9

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

sensory and motor to caudal tongue, parotid glands, pharynx, carotid sinus

asymmetry of soft palate, dysphagia, gaging, laryngeal paralysis, rabies ddx

snoring

67
Q

regurgitation

A

no heaving = esophageal problems

68
Q

CN 10

A

vagus nerve

megaesophagus - sensory and motor to the pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, palate, trachea, esophagus

viscera of the chest and abdomen

80% visceral sensory and 20% motor fibers

test with the gag reflex

69
Q

CN 11

A

papions a lot

spinal accessory nerve

boxers with spoon shaped tongue

motor to muscles of the tongue

70
Q

chiropractic evaluation of cervical pain

A

posture and gait

static palpation

motion palpation

muscle evaluation

functional tests

71
Q

most flexion, extension, and bend is at

A

C0-C1

72
Q

most of the axial rotation is at

A

C1-C2

73
Q

axial rotation C2-4 is ____ than C5-7

A

2.5x less

74
Q

flexion extension cervical

A

same from C2-C7

75
Q

lateral flexion cervical

A

same from C2-C7

76
Q

lateral flexion and rotation

A

are coupled

77
Q

cervical flexion also involves

A

T1-T7 motion

78
Q

wobbler disease clinical signs

A

ataxia

paresis

loss of proprioception

neck pain

neck held in flexion

progressive in nature

79
Q

cervical radiculopathy

pain
central affects
deep tendon reflexes
motor function
sensation
A

pain - significant arm pain with little neck pain

central affects - none in acute stage

deep tendon reflexes - diminished

motor function - motor weakness in the associated myotome

sensation - numbness in the associated dermatome

80
Q

cervical myelopathy

pain
central affects
deep tendon reflexes
motor function
sensation
A

pain - local cervical pain, referred interscapular pain

central affects - upper cervical lesion may refer pain to the suboccipital area; headache, blurring vision, tinnitus, or dysphagis

deep tendon reflexes - hyperreflexia caudal to the level of the lesion

motor function - generalized or bilateral weakness

sensation - bilateral hyperesthesia caudal to the lesion

81
Q

compressive cord lesions

A

cervical stenosis

wallerian degeneration

82
Q

sequence for loss of function

A

proprioception

voluntary motor

superficial pain or sensation

deep pain

83
Q

what is wobbler’s

A

cervical vertebral instability

84
Q

episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain

A

seizure

85
Q

seizure is seen as

A

jerking, spasms or rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles

86
Q

impaired voluntary control of urination, defecation, or breathing

A

seizure

87
Q

may have a sensation of fear, confusion, dizziness, or start vocalizing

A

seizure

88
Q

differential diagnosis epileptic seizures

A

hypoglycemia

hepatic encephalopathy

cervical trauma

nerve toxin exposure

esophagus or airway obstruction

89
Q

clinical signs of canine vestibular disease

A

acute loss of balance

vomiting, nausea, anorexia

reluctant to stand or walk

dizziness, ataxia

head tilt

nystagmus

check for EENT infections

90
Q

frequently in rabbits, from pastuerellosis, ear mites or neck trauma

A

torticollis

91
Q

contraciton of muscles producing a twisted neck and abnormal head position

A

torticollis

92
Q

torticollis also with lesion of CN 11

A

torticollis

93
Q

muscles of the pharynx and larynx

A

CN 11 cranial branch

soft palate
pharynx
larynx

94
Q

muscles that advance the shoulder or forelimb

A

CN 11 - spinal branch

trapezius
brachiocephalicus
sternocephalicus
omotransversarius

95
Q

cervical vertebral malformations

atlantoaxial instability

A

congenital or from trauma

malformation of occipital bone, atlas, axis, or dens

hypoplasia of the dens causes vertebral instability

dens slips over the transverse ligament

compresses the spinal cord

96
Q

atlantoaxial instability signs

A

ataxia, paresis, or pain

subluxations especially when C2 is extended

progressive condition, re-occurance is likely

intermittent, positional, or progressive tetraparesis and neck pain

97
Q

malocclusion clinical symptoms

A 
toot pain
bruxism
clenched jaw
dropped food
sensitivity to touch
reluctance to fetch
rubbing face
abnormal head position
98
Q

malocclusion chiropractic

A

mandible

hyoid apparatus

upper cervical vertebrae

cranial sutures

ANIMAL CHIROPRACTIC LECTURE (21 decks)

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