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ANIMAL CHIROPRACTIC LECTURE > Gait Analysis > Flashcards

Gait Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

the common name for the specific way an animal moves (quadraped)

A

gait

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2
Q

mirrored movements on both sides of the animal

walk, trot, pace

A

symmetrical

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3
Q

non mirrored sides

canter, gallop

A

asymmetrical

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4
Q

gaited horses

A

natural vs. learned

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5
Q

quadraped adaptations increased stride length

A

scapula being on the side of the body

flattened thorax

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6
Q

quadraped adaptations joint ranges of motion

A

shoulder - hinge joint rather than rotational

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7
Q

quadraped adaptations

__ is dominant bone

A

radius

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8
Q

radius favors

A

stability over rotation

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9
Q

highly muscular proximal legs and ligamentous/tendonous lower legs

A

increases reliance on passive mechanics

limb mass stays proximal near center of gravity

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10
Q

ground contact in quadrapeds made with hoof or digits rather than

A

metatarsals/metacarpals

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11
Q

flexibility required to catch and mainpulate prey

A

carnivores

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12
Q

carnivores obtain stride length by

A

trunk flexion and extension - high energy demands

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13
Q

ligaments allow standing for long periods - minimize energy expended

A

herbivores

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14
Q

herbivores have mechanical joint linkage

A

mechanical energy conservation

more efficient locomotion

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15
Q

thoracic limbs carry __. of static weight

A

60%

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16
Q

designed to stop the animal and transfer kinetic energy

A

thoracic limbs

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17
Q

catch the momentum of the body

conserve energy

A

thoracic limbs

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18
Q

absorb the impact

store the energy with stretched ligaments

ligaments rebound and expend stored energy to create upward movement

A

thoracic limbs

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19
Q

motor of locomotion

driving forces

osseous articulations vs muscular articulations

thrusting muscles

A

pelvic limbs

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20
Q

thrusting muscles

A

capable of extension of hip, stifle and hock

saves energy

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21
Q

cycle of movement

A

starts in the hinquarters

swing - impact - support - extension - thrust

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22
Q

swing

A

forward movement of the limb

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23
Q

support

A

weight bearing of the limb

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24
Q

extension

A

creates thrust

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25
Q

thrust begins

A

when leg is vertical and continues until foot breaks gound

26
Q

supports and transfers energy forward

A

spine

27
Q

spinous mucles tense to increase

A

speed of locomotion

28
Q

the spine wags to allow the swing of

A

the hind legs in a walk

29
Q

as the hip rises with extension, the rib cage moves with it to allow

A

the opposite limb to come forward

30
Q

head and neck cycle with leg movement

A

head lifts with swing phase

drops as the leg extends and thrusts

most movement occurs in walk, then canter, least is trot

31
Q

front legs have same cycle as rear legs but the support and impact phases are

A

more important than the thrust

32
Q

Engagement can create both

A

collection and extension

33
Q

the degree to which the hind leg reaches under the body

A

engagement

34
Q

the hock has an increase in the amount of flexion

A

engagemeent

35
Q

the further the leg reaches, the longer the stride and greater the pushing power

A

engagement

36
Q

most efficient, least tiring

A

walk

37
Q

at least 2 feet on the ground at all times usually 3 feet

A

walk

38
Q

weight bearing

A

front legs

39
Q

thrust

A

rear legs

40
Q

front legs slow animal and

A

absorb shock

41
Q

minimal muscle activity walk

A

30-40%

42
Q

two beat diagonal gait

A

trot

43
Q

due to symmetry, most common gait for lameness assessment

A

trot

44
Q

3 beat gait

A

canter

45
Q

the canter lead is determined by

A

which front leg contacts the ground last before the suspension phase

46
Q

suspension phase

A

no feet contacting the ground

47
Q

horse is cantering with one lead on the front legs and the opposite lead with the back legs

A

cross canter

48
Q

staying on the left lead when traveling right and vice versa

A

counter canter

49
Q

changing leads during the suspension phase

A

flying change

50
Q

4 beat gait

A

gallop

51
Q

duration of stance phase is significantly decreased

increased ROM of all joints - especially spine

using elastic energy in both distal limbs and axial structures

A

gallop

52
Q

same rhythm as the walk, just at a faster pace - not as much swing to the back, head and neck

A

running walk

53
Q

symmetrical two beat gait

lateral pairs rather than diagonal pairs

A

pacing

54
Q

best tool for pain determination because the vertical forces on the legs are increased two fold

A

trot

55
Q

supporting leg lameness

A

pain during weight bearing

majority of lamenesses

lower limb lamenesses - 80% of the time

56
Q

swinging leg lameness

A

pain during movement of limb when not weight bearing

upper limb lameness

neurological problems

57
Q

mildly noticeable at the trot, may need to exacerbate with flexions

A

grade 1 lameness

58
Q

consistently noticeable at the trot

A

grade 2 lameness

59
Q

obvious at the trot

A

grade 3 lameness

60
Q

lame at the walk

A

grade 4 lameness

61
Q

three legged lame

A

grade 5 lameness

62
Q

down on sound

A

horses will compensate for pain by trying to move their weight away from the pain

ANIMAL CHIROPRACTIC LECTURE (21 decks)

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