Module 4 exam

Question 1

A disease of animals that may be transmitted to humans under natural conditions is called a ____ disease

Answer 1

zoonotic

Question 2

a dog presents with an inability to extend the carpus and digits and has diminished feelings on the dorsum of the paw. What nerve is most likely involved?

Answer 2

radial nerve

Question 3

what is the number one breed involved in fatal dog attacks

Answer 3

pitbull

Question 4

a young kitten presents to your clinic for chiropractic care with a history of progressive rear limb paresis. The referring vet reports there are no significant lesions radiographically. The owner also reports to you that the kitten has stopped eating; sits hunched in a corner all day and no longer meows or purrs. The cat bit the owner’s child 2 days before and they are thinking about destroying the cat if you cannot help it. What is the best treatment option?

Answer 4

report the bite to the local authorities in your area and follow their recommendations

Question 5

which of the following parasites can you get from walking around in sandy soil barefooted

Answer 5

canine hookworm

Question 6

what nerve roots would have to be severed to prevent extension of the elbow in the dog

Answer 6

C8/T1

Question 7

environmental stresses affecting an organisms ability to maintain homeostasis are primarily internal in origin. T/F

Answer 7

false

Question 8

when assessing disorders with spinal cord compression, which size fibers are said to be affected first

Answer 8

large

Question 9

the small muscles of the spine, the intertransversarii mm., are innervated by which of the following

Answer 9

dorsal ramus

Question 10

cross talk also known as ephatic transmission occurs between when what two fibers are in close proximity of one another

Answer 10

two C fibers

Question 11

damage to the median and ulnar nerves will cause which of the ofllowing

Answer 11

hyperextension of the carpus when standing

Question 12

choose the INCORRECT match of number of thoracic vertebrae in the animal listed

Answer 12

15 - dogs

Question 13

thoracic vertebrae in horses

Answer 13

18

Question 14

thoracic vertebrae in feline

Answer 14

13

Question 15

thoracic vertebrae in bovine and humans

Answer 15

12

Question 16

which vertebrae are involved in the formation of the withers of the horse

Answer 16

T3-8

Question 17

cranial to the anticlinal vertebrae the spinaous process tilt cranially - T/F

Answer 17

false

Question 18

anticlinal is T11 in the dog - T/F

Answer 18

true

Question 19

anticlinal vertebrae in the horse is

Answer 19

T15

Question 20

the spinous process of anticlinal vertebrae is vertical. T/F

Answer 20

true

Question 21

the spinal cord ends at __ in the horse

Answer 21

S2

Question 22

axial flow of feed through the horse’s mouth is NOT

Answer 22

the packing of feed in various places of resistance in the back of the horse’s mouth

Question 23

the action of feed flowing or rolling towards the back of the horse’s mouth

Answer 23

axial flow of feed

Question 24

analogous to play dough in your hands that tapers to the back of the mouth during mastication

Answer 24

axial flow of feed

Question 25

effected by the range of motion as lateral excursion and or not affected by simultaneous occlusion or lack thereof

Answer 25

axial flow of feed

Question 26

trauma to which one of the following ligaments is involved with the formation of spondylosis in the dog

Answer 26

ventral longitudinal ligament

Question 27

herniated disc lesions in the dog are most likely to occur

Answer 27

in the transitional zones of the spine

Question 28

what is the strongest and most significant of the epaxial muscles

Answer 28

longissimus m.

Question 29

the brachial plexus in the dogs is formed by nerve contributions from spinal nerves

Answer 29

C6, 7, 8, and T1

Question 30

nerve roots to peripheral nerve contribute to formation of in the horse Axillary n

Answer 30

C7-8

Question 31

nerve roots to peripheral nerve contribute to formation of in the horse radial nerve

Answer 31

C8, T1

Question 32

nerve roots to peripheral nerve contribute to formation of in the horse median n

Answer 32

C8, T1-2

Question 33

when adjusting a lumbar posterior right in a dog using a mammillary contact, what is the LOC

Answer 33

PA

Question 34

sweeny is a condition in horses associated with paralysis of the muscles innervated by the ___ nerve

Answer 34

suprascapular

Question 35

can a horse bear weight on a limb if the radial nerve to that limb is severed just as it is formed from nerves C8 and T1 (proximal to the shoulder)

Answer 35

no

Question 36

imbricaiton ends at ___ in the horse

Answer 36

T15

Question 37

in class we discussed that disorders of the central nervous system will often have symptomatic manifestations in the peripheral nervous system. The term for this is

Answer 37

diaschisis

Question 38

what breeds are commonly affected by chondrodysplasia

Answer 38

pug french bulldog dachshund

Question 39

degenerative myelopathy is

Answer 39

a progressive deterioration of myelin and axons in the spinal cord

Question 40

early clinical signs of degenerative myelopathy

Answer 40

hind limb knuckling and ataxia

Question 41

discospondylitis is from ___ and spondylosis is ____

Answer 41

infection | degenerative condition

Question 42

___ is extrusion of the nucleus pulposus

Answer 42

hansen type 1

Question 43

gradual herniation of the annular fibers of the intervertebral disc

Answer 43

hansen type II

Question 44

occurs when fibrocartilaginous material is released from a degenerative disc

Answer 44

fibrocartilageous embolic myelopathy

Question 45

causes acute ischemic necrosis of the spinal cord

Answer 45

fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy

Question 46

can be a result of cushing’s disease or hypothyroidism

Answer 46

fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy

Question 47

a horse that is graded 3 out of 5 on a routine lameness exam is

Answer 47

consistently lame in the straight line and notable lame in the circle

Question 48

vets begin their diagnostic protocol

Answer 48

from the foot to proximal, carefully remaining selective between local nerve blocks and synovial strutures

Question 49

when flexing the hock joint and stifle joint, one must understand that

Answer 49

a PI ilium can be pushed further into subluxation when flexing the hock an AS ilium can be pushed further into subluxation while flexing the stifle

Question 50

the equine foot lands to length and

Answer 50

flies to weight

Question 51

signs of lumbar spondylosis on a canine lateral pelvis radiograph may include

Answer 51

calcification of the ventral longitudinal ligament osteophyte formation on the ventral aspect of 1 or more vertebrae abnormal intervertebral disc space

Question 52

to properly assess the quality of a farrier’s work as it relates to the horses needs, one must be able to

Answer 52

ensure that the shoe is fit full to the widest part of the foot propertly assess medial to lateral balance by evaluating the length ofthe foot from medial to lateral and how it aligns with the bony column properly assess heel to toe balance and their proper proportions for balance being 40% toe and 60% heel

Question 53

when discussing the hoof pastern axis, one must understand that it is referring to

Answer 53

the length of a horse’s toe as it relates to the bones of the distal limb when assessing it from lateral to medial perspective

Question 54

the principle balance point is an anatomical center point around which the vast majority of shoeing changes are made. T/F

Answer 54

true

Question 55

fundamental health and sickness concepts entail all of the following except

Answer 55

our cells are innately equipped from birth with all the necessary environmental functions

Question 56

self-healing and self-regulating ecosystem state of adaptability determines state of health/sickness health is a state of consistent homeostatic cell function

Answer 56

fundamental health and sickness concepts

Question 57

a horse shoe should provide full support for the widest part of the foot as it is important

Answer 57

because this portion of the foot generally marks the center of articulation on the coffin joint

Question 58

in respect to blood flow through a horse’s foot, which of the following is/are true

Answer 58

venous blood is forced proximal due to contracture of the ghoof capsule and elastic structures

Question 59

the ideal equine incisor angle must be in the same plane as a line drawn between

Answer 59

the articular surface of the TML joints and the occlusal surface of the incisors

Question 60

the panniculus reflex typically disappears ___ the suspect location of the herniated IV disc

Answer 60

1-2 vertebral segments caudal to

Question 61

when is the one determining prognostic factor in the evaluation of a dog who has suffered a herniated disc or a fibrocartilagenous emboli is ___ in the affected limbs

Answer 61

the presence or abscence of deep pain

Question 62

what is usually the first palpable thoracic vertebrae in the dog

Answer 62

T2

Question 63

the ability of the jaw to extend laterally can be limited by the malocclusion that creates pain during mastication degree of lateral excursion will proportionally affect the axial flow of food thorugh the mouth

Answer 63

lateral excursion

Question 64

periodontal disaes in the equine is caused by

Answer 64

negative pressure that results in drifting of tetth apart

Question 65

a horse’s first reaction to a fearful situation is to

Answer 65

run