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ANIMAL CHIROPRACTIC LECTURE > NEUROLOGY MOD 2 > Flashcards

NEUROLOGY MOD 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The 5 components of the subluxation

A 
spinal kinesiopathology
neuropathophysiology
myopathology
histopathology
pathophysiology
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2
Q

abnormal motion or altered bony articulation

A

spinal kinesiopathology

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3
Q

nerve dysfunction like paresthesia or hyperesthesia

A

neuropathophysiology

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4
Q

muscular changes like spasm and atrophy

A

myopathology

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5
Q

cellular dysfunction resulting in tissue chan ges

A

histopathology

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6
Q

functional changes associated with or resulting from disease or injury

A

pathophysiology

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7
Q

subluxation cascade

A

subluxation occurs

nerve dysfunction results in increased or decreased sensation, pain

muscles become flaccid or stiff

tissues become inflamed

end organs dysfunction causing a myriad of symptoms

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8
Q

3 primary causes of subluxation

A

trauma
toxin
thought

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9
Q

trauma

A

physical or mechanical insult

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10
Q

toxin

A

external or internal chemical insult or imbalance

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11
Q

thought

A

stress and neurobiology - thought patterns alter body chemistry

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12
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

PNS

A

extraspinal nerves

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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14
Q

somatic nervous system

A

afferent nerves

efferent nerves

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15
Q

afferent nerves carry info

A

TO the CNS (ex. sensory)

approach

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16
Q

efferent nerves carry info

A

AWAY from the CNS (ex. motor)

exit

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17
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic nervous system - fight and flight

parasympathetic nervous system - rest and digest/feed and breed

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18
Q

receive signals from other cells

A

dendrites

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19
Q

organizes and keeps the cell functional

A

cell body

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20
Q

protects the cell

A

cell membrane

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21
Q

generates impulse in the neuron

A

axon hillock

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22
Q

allow diffusion of ions

A

node of ranvier

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23
Q

produces the myelin sheath

A

schwann cell

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24
Q

controls the entire neuron

A

nucleus

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25
Q

transfers signals to other cells and organs

A

axon

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26
Q

increases the speed of the signal

A

myelin sheath

27
Q

forms junctions with other cells

A

axon terminal

28
Q

mitochondria

A

laser

29
Q

UMN travel between

A

the brain and spinal cord

30
Q

LMN travel

A

from the spinal cord to muscles

31
Q

Multipolar neuron

A

cell body on one end

axon in the middle

dendrites on the other end

32
Q

sensory neurons control

A

sensations and perceptions

33
Q

sensory neurons carry signals

A

from the muscles, skin, glands TO the CNS

34
Q

unipolar or pseudounipolar neuron with dendrites on both ends, cell body in the middle

A

sensory neurons

35
Q

interneurons/associative neurons carry info

A

between motor and sensory neurons

36
Q

interneurons/associative neurons connect

A

neurons within the CNS (brain and spinal cord)

37
Q

multipolar neuron with dendrites on both ends

A

interneurons/associative neurons

38
Q

10% of nerves in animals are

A

feeling

39
Q

spinal nerves are bundles of the following fibers

A

motor
sensory
autonomic

40
Q

autonomic functions

A

heart beating

lungs breathing

41
Q

CANINE AND FELINE nerve pairs

A 
8 cervical
13 thoracic
7 lumbar
3 sacral
5 caudal

total 36 pairs

42
Q

EQUINE spinal nerve pairs

A 
8 cervical
18 thoracic
6 lumbar (5 in Arabs and donkeys)
5 sacral
5 caudal

42 total

43
Q

BOVINE spinal nerve pairs

A 
8 cervical 
13 thoracic
6 lumbar
5 sacral
5 caudal

37 total

44
Q

PORCINE spinal nerve pairs

A 
8 cervical 
13-15 thoracic
6-7 lumbar
4 sacral
5 caudal

36-39 total

45
Q

HUMAN spinal nerve pairs

A 
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

31 total

46
Q

the sympathetic nerve

A

carries sensory information from the visceral organs

47
Q

carries sensory information from the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs

A

the ventral ramus

48
Q

carries sensory information from the skin and skeletal muscles of the back

A

dorsal ramus

49
Q

carries sensory information to the spinal cord

A

dorsal root of each spinal nerve

50
Q

a complex which includes an alteration of the biomechanical and physiological dynamics of contiguous structures which can cause neural disturbances

A

the vertebral subluxation

51
Q

excess blood or blood stasis

A

hyperemia

52
Q

muscle trigger points, toxin (lactic acid) build up, pain

A

congestion

53
Q

due to capillary damage

A

edema

54
Q

normal tissue is replaced with scar tissue

A

fibrosis

55
Q

lack of blood flow, muscle spasm, pain

A

local ischemia

56
Q

muscle wasting and weakness

A

atrophy

57
Q

adhesions form in joint capsules and soft tissues

A

tissue rigidity

58
Q

In the study of anatomy, the nerve supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint not only supplies the muscle, but also innervates the joint and the skin overlying the muscle.

Therefore, when subluxation is present, joint dysfunction can result in altered sensation and muscle dysfunction

A

Hilton’s Law

59
Q

IML

A

interomedialateral nucleus

60
Q

the primary nucleus of the sympathetic nervous system

A

IML

61
Q

If the cortex is not inhibitng the pontomedullary brainstem which inhibits the IML, ____ occurs, causing one to go from primary parasympathetic function to primary sympathetic function, leading to autonomic disorders

A

IML escape

62
Q

IML escape can cause increased

A

release of glucose and cortisol (adrenals)

63
Q

increased release of glucose and cortisol causes a need for

A

increased B vitamins and other stress-related symptoms/responses

64
Q

Increased sympathetic firing causing parasympathetic deficiency can also lead to

A

intestinal disorders like GERD, IBS, ulcers, UC, Chrons, leaky gut

ANIMAL CHIROPRACTIC LECTURE (21 decks)

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