starea și motivația Flashcards
Why is mood and motivation important?
Mood and motivation are 2 important sources of within-individual variability.
Low test-retest reliability.
e.g.
when someone takes experiment twice they might answer differently based on these 2 factors
What is the difference between personality and mood and motivation?
Personality and cognitive abilities are longitudinal stable
Mood and motivation tend to fluctuate and are dependent on situational circumstances.
What is the difference between emotion and mood?
Moods are less specific, less intense and less likely to be triggered by particular immediate stimulus.
Emotions tend to have specific, known cause
What is the difference between mood and personality?
Mood fluctuates
Personality is more stable
Personality is a tendency to experience feelings
What is mood?
A sporadic emotional state
Can las for minutes or hours
Indicates emotions manifested through physiological signals - increased heart rate- and behavioural signals - smiling -
Why is mood important?
Relates to individual differences in personality.
Positive events are more likely to affect the positive mood of extraverts.
Negative events are more likely to influence the negative mood of those low on emotional stability.
What are the situational determinants of mood?
Sleep deprivation
Hunger
Weather
Context
Life events
What are the dispositional determinants of mood?
Temperament
Personality traits
Personality traits moderate the effect that events have on behaviour.
What is the mood stage?
An event can lead to positive/negative appraisal
That leads to positive/negative mood
That leads to behaviour
BUT
Appraisal, mood and behaviour are influenced by personality.
e.g.
High extrovert:
Gets 2:1 in assignment -> positive appraisal -> positive mood -> celebrating
Low extravert:
Gets 2:1 -> positive appraisal -> neutral mood -> carrying on with the day
How to measure mood?
Positive and negative affect schedule PANAS
Why is a test valid and reliable?
A test is valid if it measures what it claims to measure
A biased test is influenced by things outside of the target
Reliability is a measure of consistency
How does mood change depending on the time of day?
Positive mood peaks during the middle part of the day - looks. like an inverted U
Negative moods show very little variation over the day.
What are the mood changes throughout the week?
Negative moods are highest on Sundays and Mondays and fall throughout the week
Positive moods are highest at the end of the week.
What are mood changes associated with?
Exercise associated with improved mood
What are individual differences in mood changes?
Moods fluctuate across time within people (intraindividual)
and mood fluctuations differ between people (interindividual)
How can we capture these individual differences in mood changes?
Ecological Momentary Assessment
Repeated sampling of current behaviours and experiences
In real time
In participants’ natural context
Observing phenomenon as it occurs and develops
What are advantages of Ecological momentary assessment?
Minimises recall bias
maximises ecological validity
How do we assess mood changes through smartphones?
E.g. Mappiness
Ppt is at work/home/other
Environment is urban/mountains..
What are they doing
With who
Weather
Activity
What are the findings of mappiness
on average, ppl are significantly happier outdoors in green or natural habitat than in urban environments
what have ppl who done the mappiness for longer reported
people who do mappiness for longer report being happier
this is bc reflections may lead to behavioural change which in turn may change mood
What is motivation
motivation is a dynamic internal state that propels action, directs behaviour, and is oriented toward satisfying both instinctual and cultural needs and goals.
What are some of the theories on motivation?
Arousal theories = motivation to act in ways that keeps people in their optimal levels or arousal
What is intrinsic motivation?
The motivation to do something for its own sake, for the sheer enjoyment of the task
What is extrinsic motivation
the motivation to do something in order to attain some external goal
what is critique of extrinsic intrinsic motivation
intrinsic-extrinsic dualism in motivation fails on at leat 3 accounts:
construct validity
measurement reliability
experimental control
How do we measure intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
The work preference inventory
what does the componential model of creativity emphasise
componential model of creativity emphasis the importance of motivation in creativity
and intrinsic motivation is more effective for creativity
