abilitatea spațială

Question 1

What is spatial ability?

Answer 1

A skill in representing, transforming, generating, and recalling symbolic, non-linguistic information

Question 2

what is spatial ability needed for

Answer 2

academic and career success especially in stem areas

in everyday life activities like navigation, estimating distances

Question 3

How do you measure spatial ability?

Answer 3

Mental rotation

Question 4

What is bricks test batteries

Answer 4

Based on the classic mental rotation task
Mental rotation and visualization
Items in 2D and 3D

Question 5

What is king’s challenge?

Answer 5

Selection 10 game-like measures
Preliminary selection based on 27 spatial measures
Different aspects of spatial ability, not just mental rotation

Question 6

is spatial ability one construct or many

Answer 6

evidence for a uni-factorial structure of spatial ability in both studies
the first order factor explained approximately 42 per cent of the variance in both studies

Question 7

What are sex differences in spatial ability?

Answer 7

meta-analysis
males outperform females in spatial ability tasks

+
well replicated
cross-cultural samples
different age groups

Question 8

Do genes contribute to sex differences in spatial ability?

Answer 8

no evidence for genetic factors contributing to sex difference in spatial ability

Question 9

do hormones contribute to sex differences in spatial ability

Answer 9

some evidence for the role of testosterone on spatial ability

Question 10

what is the role of testosterone in spatial ability

Answer 10

testosterone influences spatial ability
males produce more testosterone both pre and postnatally

Question 11

what is the twin testosterone transfer hypothesis

Answer 11

the testosterone produced by males influences the prenatal development of female co-twin.

better mental rotation performance in females with male co-twins in comparison with females with female co-twin.

Question 12

What did the Teemu Toivainen study investigate

Answer 12

larger sample
14 spatial ability measures
different mental rotation tasks

Question 13

What was found in the Toivainen study

Answer 13

male average performance in spatial ability is better than female
males outperformed on all 14 spatial measures

Question 14

is there support for the hypothesis that prenatal testosterone influences sex differences in spatial ability

Answer 14

no
males with male twin AND males with female twin performed similar

females with male twin AND females with female twin performed similar but lower than the previous two groups