diferente in diagnostica Flashcards
what is the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities
parties to the convention are required to promote, protect, and ensure the full enjoyment of human rights by people with disabilities and ensure that they enjoy full equality under the law.
when do individual differences become diagnosable
you are disabled under the equality act 2010 if you have a physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long term negative impact on your ability to do normal daily activities
what is the Americans with disabilities act
the act prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, state and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications
what do you need to have in order to be protected by the Americans with disabilities act
one must have a disability or have a relationship with an individual with a disability
what is an individual with disability defined as by the Americans with disabilities act
an individual with a disability is defined as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major activities
A person who has a history or record of such impairment
A person who is perceived by others as having an impairment
what is a disorder
disrupt the systematic functioning
what is difference
a way in which people or things are dissimilar
what is a difficulty
needing much effort or skill to accomplish, deal with, or understand
what is a disability
a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movements, senses, or activities
what does the medical model say about disability
the medical model of disability says people are disabled by their impairments or differences
what does the social model say about disability
the social mode of disability says that disability is caused by the way society is organised
what is the bio-psycho-social model
disability may best be considered on 3 levels:
- biological (medical)
- psychological
- social
the WHO recognised the importance of each of these aspects when considering the experience of disabled individuals
how do we define diagnosable differences
some of the ways in which we differ are easy to diagnose
e.g. ppl can be given a hearing test to see if they are deaf
such disabilities do not usually have a relationship to the individual’s intelligence
what are some of the diagnosable differences that do have a relationship to intelligence
some of the ways in which we differ are easy to diagnose but do have a relationship to intelligence
e.g.
Down syndrome
- physiological features
- developmental delay
- learning disability
- IQ 50
e.g. Williams Syndrome
- physiological features
- heart problems
- poor visual-spatial ability
- stronger language skills
- outgoing
- diagnosed with a blood test
what are some diagnosable differences that are hard to diagnose
many disorders like autism cannot be identified by a blood test and do not have physiological features
differences in neurological activation may be associated with such conditions, but not consistently enough for diagnosis
diagnosis is made through case histories, behavioural and clinical measures
how do people vary in all traits
all people vary in all traits, both systemically between people, and within the one person at different times and different situations:
- some ppl may have a shorter attention span
- some may struggle with reading
- some are more social
when does this normal variation between people and within people become abnormal
when the mental impairment has long term negative impact on your abilities
what is the total prevalence of learning difficulties/differences/disabilities
17.1% - 32.1%
what is the DSM-5
DSM-5 considers specific learning difficulties to be a type of neurodevelopmental disorder that impedes the ability to learn or use specific academic academic skills (reading), which are the foundation for other academic learning
learning difficulties are unexpected in that other aspects of developmental seem to be fine
diagnosis after running standardised tests
what do the tests for diagnosing neurodevelopemtal disorder include
test of reading
spelling and handwriting
phonological tests
IQ test
mathematical tests
what are IQ tests
difficulties with achievement tests could be the result of many factors
psychologists usually look to see if these scores are discrepant with underlying ability
typically testing falls in 4 domains:
- verbal comprehension
- visual comprehension
- working memory
- processing speed
what is ASD
DSM diagnostic criteria for ASD
- persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts
- restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests
- symptoms must be present in the early development period but may not fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities
- symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social functioning
what happened to the pervasive developmental disorder
the DSM-5 defined 5 different types of pervasive developmental disorder
DSM 5 removed these distinctions and uses the term ASD bc there was not enough evidence that they are separate conditions
what about DSM-5 and mental disorders
there is considerable heterogeneity within the criteria of individual diagnoses
for the majority of diagnoses in DSM-5, 2 ppl could receive the same diagnoses without sharing any common symptoms
is diagnosis a good idea
treatment and support can be better tailored
schools can provide support
receiving a diagnoses can change how the person thinks about themselves
there can be social stigma associated with diagnoses
diagnoses affords protection under the law
what do genes have to say about disorders
most genetic disorders are the product of multiple genes
