diferente in diagnostica

Question 1

what is the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities

Answer 1

parties to the convention are required to promote, protect, and ensure the full enjoyment of human rights by people with disabilities and ensure that they enjoy full equality under the law.

Question 2

when do individual differences become diagnosable

Answer 2

you are disabled under the equality act 2010 if you have a physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long term negative impact on your ability to do normal daily activities

Question 3

what is the Americans with disabilities act

Answer 3

the act prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, state and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications

Question 4

what do you need to have in order to be protected by the Americans with disabilities act

Answer 4

one must have a disability or have a relationship with an individual with a disability

Question 5

what is an individual with disability defined as by the Americans with disabilities act

Answer 5

an individual with a disability is defined as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major activities

A person who has a history or record of such impairment

A person who is perceived by others as having an impairment

Question 6

what is a disorder

Answer 6

disrupt the systematic functioning

Question 7

what is difference

Answer 7

a way in which people or things are dissimilar

Question 8

what is a difficulty

Answer 8

needing much effort or skill to accomplish, deal with, or understand

Question 9

what is a disability

Answer 9

a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movements, senses, or activities

Question 10

what does the medical model say about disability

Answer 10

the medical model of disability says people are disabled by their impairments or differences

Question 11

what does the social model say about disability

Answer 11

the social mode of disability says that disability is caused by the way society is organised

Question 12

what is the bio-psycho-social model

Answer 12

disability may best be considered on 3 levels:
- biological (medical)
- psychological
- social

the WHO recognised the importance of each of these aspects when considering the experience of disabled individuals

Question 13

how do we define diagnosable differences

Answer 13

some of the ways in which we differ are easy to diagnose
e.g. ppl can be given a hearing test to see if they are deaf
such disabilities do not usually have a relationship to the individual’s intelligence

Question 14

what are some of the diagnosable differences that do have a relationship to intelligence

Answer 14

some of the ways in which we differ are easy to diagnose but do have a relationship to intelligence

e.g.
Down syndrome
- physiological features
- developmental delay
- learning disability
- IQ 50

e.g. Williams Syndrome
- physiological features
- heart problems
- poor visual-spatial ability
- stronger language skills
- outgoing
- diagnosed with a blood test

Question 15

what are some diagnosable differences that are hard to diagnose

Answer 15

many disorders like autism cannot be identified by a blood test and do not have physiological features

differences in neurological activation may be associated with such conditions, but not consistently enough for diagnosis

diagnosis is made through case histories, behavioural and clinical measures

Question 16

how do people vary in all traits

Answer 16

all people vary in all traits, both systemically between people, and within the one person at different times and different situations:
- some ppl may have a shorter attention span
- some may struggle with reading
- some are more social

Question 17

when does this normal variation between people and within people become abnormal

Answer 17

when the mental impairment has long term negative impact on your abilities

Question 18

what is the total prevalence of learning difficulties/differences/disabilities

Answer 18

17.1% - 32.1%

Question 19

what is the DSM-5

Answer 19

DSM-5 considers specific learning difficulties to be a type of neurodevelopmental disorder that impedes the ability to learn or use specific academic academic skills (reading), which are the foundation for other academic learning

learning difficulties are unexpected in that other aspects of developmental seem to be fine

diagnosis after running standardised tests

Question 20

what do the tests for diagnosing neurodevelopemtal disorder include

Answer 20

test of reading
spelling and handwriting
phonological tests
IQ test
mathematical tests

Question 21

what are IQ tests

Answer 21

difficulties with achievement tests could be the result of many factors
psychologists usually look to see if these scores are discrepant with underlying ability

typically testing falls in 4 domains:
- verbal comprehension
- visual comprehension
- working memory
- processing speed

Question 22

what is ASD

Answer 22

DSM diagnostic criteria for ASD
- persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts
- restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests

• symptoms must be present in the early development period but may not fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities
• symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social functioning

Question 23

what happened to the pervasive developmental disorder

Answer 23

the DSM-5 defined 5 different types of pervasive developmental disorder

DSM 5 removed these distinctions and uses the term ASD bc there was not enough evidence that they are separate conditions

Question 24

what about DSM-5 and mental disorders

Answer 24

there is considerable heterogeneity within the criteria of individual diagnoses

for the majority of diagnoses in DSM-5, 2 ppl could receive the same diagnoses without sharing any common symptoms

Question 25

is diagnosis a good idea

Answer 25

treatment and support can be better tailored

schools can provide support

receiving a diagnoses can change how the person thinks about themselves

there can be social stigma associated with diagnoses

diagnoses affords protection under the law

Question 26

what do genes have to say about disorders

Answer 26

most genetic disorders are the product of multiple genes