Influențe genetice și de mediu asupra inteligenței și realizărilor Flashcards
what is heritability
estimate of the extent to which genetic factors contribute to the differences we see in a trait, such as intelligence, among individuals within a specific population.
how does the heritability of g change during the lifespan
heritability of g increases during the life span
how does heritability change over the lifespan
The heritability of intelligence increases from about 20% in infancy to perhaps 80% in later adulthood.
what is the importance of environment
environment seems to account for 30-50% of the variance among intelligence scores
environmental influences can be shared and non-shared
how can change of environment lead to change in IQ
Children who were adopted from deprived backgrounds show an increase in IQ
Children who remain in deprivation show no increase over time, and some show a decrease
School closure leads to decrease in IQ
how do twins differ in intelligence: shared vs non-shared environment
MZ twins raised apart have slightly lower intelligence correlations than MZ twins reared together
effect of shared environment
how does schooling affect intelligence
schooling foster the development of the cognitive processes that underpin performance on most IQ tests
much of the association between IQ and schooling is related to the years spent in education
-every year in school is worth about 2.7 IQ points
school attendance raises IQ
not going to school is associated with lower IQ
schooling is associated with increases in crystallised and fluid intelligence
how do genes and environment interact to influence intelligence
genes exert an effect on the environmental choices and activities
what are examples of shared environments that can affect intelligence
Family Socioeconomic Status (SES): Growing up in a household with access to educational resources, books, and a stimulating environment can positively impact intelligence.
how can environment suppress the effects of genes on educational achievement
High-Quality Educational Interventions: Access to high-quality educational interventions, such as tutoring programs, can mitigate the effects of genetic predispositions on educational achievement.
how do we assess genetic influences on intelligence
family studies
twin studies
adoption studies
