Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics 2 > Staph and Strep infections > Flashcards

Staph and Strep infections Flashcards

1
Q

When does staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome usually occur?

A

After a history of a sore throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who does staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome occur in?

A

Younger people- infants up to about 6 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome present

A
  • Widespread erythroderma (>90%)
  • Fluid filled blisters lead to desquamation
  • Fever and irritable
  • Nikolsky sign positive
  • ORAL MUCOSA UNAFFECTED
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What will be positive in someone with staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome?

A

Nikolsky sign positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is unaffected in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

Oral mucosa is unaffected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome diagnosed?

A

Skin biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the management of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

IV antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?

A

Severe systemic reaction to staphylococcal exotoxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What staphylococcal exotoxin causes toxic shock syndrome?

A

TSST-1 superantigen toxin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What diagnostic criteria is used for toxic shock syndrome?

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention diagnostic criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention diagnostic criteria fort toxic shock syndrome?

A
  • fever: temperature > 38.9ºC
  • hypotension: systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg
  • diffuse erythematous rash
  • desquamation of rash, especially of the palms and soles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where in particular would you see desquamation of the rash with toic shock syndrome?

A

Palms and soles of feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many organ systems need to be involved for the diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome?

A

3 or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What organ system involvement can there be for the diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome?

A
  • gastrointestinal (diarrhoea and vomiting)
  • mucous membrane erythema
  • renal failure
  • hepatitis
  • thrombocytopenia
  • CNS involvement (e.g. confusion)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the initial management of toxic shock syndrome?

A

Removal of infection focus (e.g. retained tampon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What medical management can you do for toxic shock syndrome?

A
  • IV fluids

* IV antibiotics

17
Q

Which IV antibiotics would you give for toxic shock syndrome?

A

Flucloxacillin and clindamycin

18
Q

What is the main cause of scarlet fever?

A

Group A haemolytic streptococci

19
Q

Which group A streptococci is usually responsible for scarlet fever?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

20
Q

What is scarlet fever due to?

A

A reaction to erythrogenic toxins produced by Group A haemolytic streptococci

21
Q

Who is most commonly affected by scarlet fever?

A

Children aged 2 - 6 years with the peak incidence being at 4 years.

22
Q

How is scarlet fever spread?

A

Via the respiratory route by inhaling or ingesting respiratory droplets
or
By direct contact with nose and throat discharges

23
Q

How does scarlet fever tend to present?

A
  • fever
  • malaise, headache, nausea/vomiting
  • sore throat
  • ‘strawberry’ tongue
  • rash
  • fine punctate erythema (‘pinhead’) first on the torso and spares the palms and soles
24
Q

How long does a fever typically last with scarlet fever?

A

24 to 48 hours

25
Q

What are the 2 characteristic presentations of scarlet fever?

A

Strawberry tongue

Fine punctate erythema (‘pinhead’)

26
Q

Where does the fine punctate erythema (‘pinhead’) first appear with scarlet fever?

A

On the torso

Spares the palms and soles

27
Q

What is the typical presentation of a child with scarlet fever?

A

children often have a flushed appearance with circumoral pallor.
The rash is often more obvious in the flexures
it is often described as having a rough ‘sandpaper’ texture
desquamination occurs later in the course of the illness,

28
Q

How is scarlet fever diagnosed?

A

Throat swab

29
Q

When should antibiotics for scarlet fever be commenced?

A

Immediately- before the results of the throat swab come back

30
Q

What is the medical management of scarlet fever?

A

Penicillin V

31
Q

What is the medical management of scarlet fever in someone with a penicillin allergy?

A

Azaithromycin

32
Q

When can children return to school after starting antibiotics for scarlet fever?

A

24 hours after starting antibiotics

33
Q

What can scarlet fever be complicated by?

A

Otitis media
Rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis

Paediatrics 2 (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions