Gastroenteritis Flashcards
What is the main cause of staphylococcus aureus gastroenteritis?
Meat
What is the intubation period for staphylococcus aureus gastroenteritis?
Start within 6 hours, resole in 24 hours
How does staphylococcus gastroenteritis present?
severe vomiting (MAIN) Diarrhoea and abdominal pain Hypotension
What is the main cause of Bacillus Cereus gastroenteritis?
Reheated Rice
What is the intubation period for Bacillus Cereus gastroenteritis?
Start within 6 hours, resole in 24 hours
How does Bacillus Cereus gastroenteritis present?
Vomiting (rice) or Diarrhoea
What causes gastroenteritis by salmonella?
Raw eggs or poultry
What is the intubation period of salmonella gastroenteritis?
Start with 12 hours, resolve in a week
What is the main presentation of salmonella gastroenteritis?
Watery diarrhoea and Fever (MAIN)
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
What is the management of salmonella gastroenteritis if it’s severe?
Antibiotics
What causes shigella gastroenteritis?
Faeces contamination food, water or swimming pool
What is the intubation period for shigella gastroenteritis?
start 2-3 days after and resolve in a week
What is the presentation of shigella gastroenteritis?
Bloody diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Fever
What is the management of shigella gastroenteritis if severe?
Azathioprine
Ciprofloxacin
Who does E.coli gastroenteritis commonly affect?
Travellers
What is the intubation period for E.coli gastroenteritis?
starts within 12 hours- 2 days
What is the presentation of E.coli gastroenteritis?
Abdominal cramps
Watery diarrhoea
Nausea/vomiting
What is a complication of E.coli gastroenteritis?
E.Coli produces the shiga toxin which destroys blood cells causing HUS
What would you not use in the management of E,coli gastroenteritis and why?
Don’t use antibiotics as they can increase risk of HUS
What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis?
Campylobacter Jejuni
What are the main causes of Campylobacter Jejuni gastroenteritis?
Poultry
Untreated water
Unpasteurised milk
What is the intubation period for Campylobacter Jejuni gastroenteritis?
Start within 2-4 days and resolve in a week
How does Campylobacter Jejuni gastroenteritis present?
Flu like prodrome
Abdominal cramps
Bloody diarrhoea
What is the management of Campylobacter Jejuni gastroenteritis?
Azathioprine
Ciprofloxacin
What is the main complication of Campylobacter Jejuni gastroenteritis?
weakness in legs after severe gastroenteritis- Guillain Barre syndrome
How does Campylobacter Jejuni gastroenteritis appear on microscopy?
Characteristic seagull shaped
What is Giasdiasis (Giardia Lamblia) gastroenteritis the main cause of?
Persistent travellers diarrhoea
What is the intubation period of Giasdiasis (Giardia Lamblia) gastroenteritis?
Start in over a week, last 1-4 weeks
How does Giasdiasis (Giardia Lamblia) gastroenteritis present?
foul smelling diarrhoea- persistent travellers diarrhoea
What is the management of Giasdiasis (Giardia Lamblia) gastroenteritis?
Metronidazole
What helps to prevent gastroenteritis?
Good hygiene helps prevent gastroenteritis.
What should you do with a patient who has developed symptoms?
They should immediately be isolated to prevent spread.
What is important to prevent spread in a hospital?
Barrier nursing and rigorous infection control
What is the management of a child with gastroenteritis?
Children need to stay off school until 48 hours after the symptoms have completely resolved.
How is gastroenteritis diagnosed?
A sample of the faeces can be tested with microscopy, culture and sensitivities to establish the causative organism and antibiotic sensitivities.
Which children might require IV fluids?
Dehydrated children or those that fail the fluid challenge
What are NOT recommended in the management of gastroenteritis?
Anti-diarrheal medication- loperamide
Antiemetic medication such as metoclopramide
What are possible complications of gastroenteritis?
- Lactose intolerance
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Reactive arthritis
- Guillain–Barré syndrome
