STANDARDIZED ASSESSMENTS IN PEDIATRICS Flashcards
What are the 4 aspects of communication ability in a systems review?
✓ affect
✓ cognition
✓ language
✓ learning style
What is a test?
A procedure or set of procedures that is used
to obtain data (measurements); the
procedures may require the use of
instruments
Measurement requires an attribute, property,
dimension or variable to be…
quantified or
qualified
What is an aerobic capacity/ endurance test (definition)?
ability to
perform work or participate in activity over
time
What are anthropometric characteristics?
height, weight, girth and body fat composition
True or False: It is always a PT’s job to assess arousal, attention, and cognition
False: Other disciplines
(psychologists and teachers) usually address these areas in testing but PTs should read reports and document observations
Which test would you use to assess the need for assistive and adaptive devices?
PEDI
Two tests that assess gait, locomotion and balance?
Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 (PDMS-2),
Bruiniks–Oseretsky Test of
Motor Proficiency BOTMP
pediatricians check for hip dysplasia associated
with hip subluxaction or dislocation…
Barlow and Ortolani tests
What are some of the things you look for with posture screenings?
■ Assess positioning of body in relation to gravity, center of mass, base of support
■ Spinal alignment using posture grids, inclinometer or angle finder (rib hump)
■ Resting and/or dynamic posture
■ Descriptive language gives an image i.e. crouched gait, “C” or “S” curve
■ Immobile children asses posture in all positions
■ Conditions: head and facial asymmetry, flattening of
occiput, scoliosis, kyphosis, torticollis
Which tests assess self-care and home management?
PEDI (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory),
Canadian,
Occupational Performance Measure (COPM)
Which tests assess play and school?
SFA (School Functional Assessment),
Transdisciplinary Play-Based Assessment,
Neuromotor development is ______________ and
________________ throughout the lifespan.
the acquisition and
evolution of movement
Sensory integration is …
the ability to integrate
information from the environment.
What are the benefits of standardized tests?
• Objectivity • Measurability • Reliability • Enhanced communication among professionals
What are the factors for selecting a test?
- Purpose of the test
- Population to be tested
- Areas or skills needing testing
- Psychometric properties of the test
- Time needed to administer & score
- cost of test
- Qualifications needed to administer and interpret test results
What are the aspects of standardization?
- A uniform testing procedure
- Directions for administration and scoring
- Materials and equipment specified
- Specified testing conditions (instructions, environment, # of trials)
- Guidelines for interpretation
- The MANUAL: an attempt at standardization
What is a discriminative measure?
distinguish between
individuals with and without a specified
characteristic or function
What is an evaluative measure?
monitor progress on
specified attributes, characteristics, or
variables… Measure magnitude of change over time or after treatment
What is instructional planning?
Curriculum based
assessment which is typically developmentally
based which allows the examiner to establish an IEP
What is a norm referenced measures?
compare how one individual’s measurement
compares with respect to measurements from a relevant population (compare the tested individual to “normals” in a category, age group)
At what age do you stop correcting a child’s age?
2 years
What are criterion referenced measures?
measure a child’s development of
particular skills in terms of absolute level of mastery
(compare the child to themselves)
What age uses Milani-Camparetti-Gidoni Motor Developmental
Screening Test?
Birth- 2 years
What age uses Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST)?
Birth-6 years
What age uses Revised Gesell Development Screening Inventory (DSI)?
1-36 months
What age uses the Movement Assessment of Infants (MAI)?
Birth- 12 months
What age uses the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI)?
6 months - 7 years
What age uses the School Function Assessment (SFA)?
Kindergarten - 6th grade
What does the Gross Motor Performance Measure (GMPM) assess?
Quality of movement
What age uses the Wee Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM)?
6 months- 7 years
What are the tests used for preterm, infant, and young children?
● Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNAS): infants 34-44 weeks gestational age
● Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP): preterm infants
● Wolanski Gross Motor Evaluation (WGME): 3-13 months
● Alberta Infant Motor Scales (AIMS): 1-19 months or walking
● Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID): 1-42 months
● Toddler and Infant Motor Evaluation (T.I.M.E): birth-42 months
Which tests do you use on children and adolescents?
● Vulpe Assessment Battery (VAB): birth-6 years
● Peabody Development Motor Scales-II (PDMS-II) birth-6 years
● Movement ABC: 4-10 years
● Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd ed. (TGMD-2): 3-11
years
● Bruiniks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP): 4.5-14.5 years
● Hughes Basic Gross Motor Assessment (BGMA): 6-12 years
● Gubbay Test of Motor Proficiency: 8-12 years
What is the purpose, procedure, and benefits of a screening?
■ Purpose: to identify children who are in need of further evaluation
■ Procedure: Norm referenced (Denver Developmental Screening test 2)
■ Quick, easy to administer (10-20 minutes, by a layperson)
What is the purpose of an evaluation?
● To assess current specific skills
● To establish long and short term goals and objectives
● To monitor progress
What’s reliability?
Consistency of scores across different
occasions of measurements or different examiners, or of items within the instrument.
Whats validity?
determination of whether a measurement
actually measures what it purports to measure; how well
does it measure what it was designed to measure.
What is construct validity?
the consistency to which a construct (concept)
is actually measured (PEDI: construct- change in functional
behaviors is age related)
What’s content validity?
the accuracy with which an instrument
measures the factors under study; the instrument measures what it is supposed to measure
What is concurrent validity?
comparing the instrument with a known accepted instrument (PEDI vs. Batelle)
What is a developmental delay/ disorder?
A significant delay or disorder in one or more functional areas
What are the functional areas assessed in developmental delays/ disorder?
● Cognitive ● Language and communicative ● Adaptive ● Social emotional ● Motor development
A _____% delay in one functional area or a _____%
delay in each of 2 (or more) functional areas
(fallacy)
33 % for one
25 % for two
A score of _____ SD below the mean in one functional area or a score of _____ SD below the mean in each of 2 functional areas
- 0 for one
1. 5 for two
What is the purpose of the PDMS-2/ Peabody?
● Identify children whose gross and fine motor skills are delayed or aberrant relative to a normative group
● Permit an in depth analysis of a wide range of gross and fine
motor skills that may have been identified as questionable by
prior screening or by observation
● Enable the examiner to obtain knowledge about the skills a
child has mastered, those currently developing, and those not
in the child’s repertoire
Who can administer a Peabody/ PDMS-2?
● “variety of personnel,” interested in examining the motor abilities of young children (birth-6)
● individuals skilled in administering educational and
psychological test to children
What are the attributes tested in the Peabody/ PDMS-2?
● Gross motor skills: 4 categories, 151 GM items
• GM categories: reflexes, stationary, locomotion, object manipulation
● Fine motor skills 2 categories, 98 items
• FM categories: grasping, visual-motor integration
How do you score a Peabody/ PDMS?
Item scoring: specified on score sheet
—“0”: child cannot or will not attempt item, or attempt
does not show that skill is emerging
— “1”: performance shows clear resemblance to item
criterion but doesn’t fully meet criterion
—“2”: child performs item according to specified
criterion in the normal, typical way
What is the Albert Infant Motor Scales (AIMS)?
- Norm referenced
- 0-18 months
- Observational (half hour)
- “window” indicating highest and lowest skills observed
- – Credited 1 point for each item performed in window
- –Credited 1 point for each item below window
- 4 positional categories, child placed in each position
- Score sheet resembles growth chart, percentile ranks included
- Photos and line drawings included in manual along with criteria for each item
- Levels off at 15.5 months with one skill differentiating between 5th and 90th percentiles
- Only includes percentile ranking for scores as low as 5th percentile (1.5 SD from mean)
- Skill criteria require normal positioning of the limbs (very NDT based)
- not recommended for children with severe motor disorder
- Average age of skill acquisition provided for each item (age of 50% achievement, 90% achievement
True or false: The PEDI has a caregiver interview component
True
True or false: the PEDI can be used on children 6 moths- 7.5 years and no older.
False: it can be used 6 months-7.5 years AND evaluation of older
children whose abilities fall below that expected of 7.5 y.o. children
What is the GMFM and what does it do?
- Criterion referenced
- Measure GM function in children with CP (how much can they do?)
- Measure magnitude of change in GM function over time or after treatment in children with CP
- Assess the effectiveness of intervention/treatment on motor function outcomes for children with CP
- Developed for use in children with CP
- All items can be completed by a 5 year old with normal GM function
What does the GMFM look at?
88 items assigned to 1 of 5 dimensions ■ Lying and rolling (17) ■ Sitting (20) ■ Crawling and kneeling (14) ■ Standing (13) ■ Walking, running and jumping (24)
True or False: The GMFM is assessed on a 0-10 scale
False: 0-3 scoring key ■ 0= does not initiate ■ 1 = initiates, less than 10% completion ■ 2=partially completes (10-100%) ■ 3= 100% completion
IDEA legislation had the greatest influence on educational and related services for children ______ to ______.
Birth to 21 years old
Part ___ mandated educational and related
services for children 3 to 21 years old.
B
Part ___ mandated EI services for children
birth to 3 years old.
C
What are the IDEA eligibility for services?
13 categories of disabilities that meet the eligibility criteria for special education and related services (PT) for individuals 3-21 years old
What are the 13 categories of disability?
- Autism
- Deaf-blindness
- Deafness
- Hearing impairment
- Mental retardation
- Multiple disabilities
- Traumatic brain injuries
- Visual impairments including blindness
- Orthopedic impairments (not really)
- Other health impairments
- Serious emotional disturbance
- Specific learning disability
- Speech or language impairments
Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) is…
a written plan for providing early
intervention services, IDEA, Part C.
Individualized Educational Plan (IEP) is …
a written plan for providing educational and
related service, IDEA, Part B.
