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Pediatrics PT III > NICU > Flashcards

NICU Flashcards

1
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A 
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
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2
Q

How many times, and at what times is the APGARs taken?

A

3 times at 1, 5, & 10 minutes

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3
Q

What are the APGARs scores?

A

0-3 severe distress
4-7 moderate distress
8-10 no distress

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4
Q

What are the resting vitals for an infant?

A

HR: 120-160 bpm
Respiratory: 33-60 breaths/min

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5
Q

What are resting vitals for a toddler?

A

HR: 90-140 bpm
Respiratory: 24-40

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6
Q

What is full term gestation?

A

37-40 weeks

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7
Q

How much does a premie (low birth weight) weigh?

A

1501g (3lb 5oz)- 2000g (4lb 7oz)

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8
Q

How much does a very low birth weight premie weigh?

A

Less than 1500g (3lb 5 oz)

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9
Q

How much does a micro premie weigh?

A

Less than 1000g (2lb 3.5oz)

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10
Q

What constituted being small for gestational age (SGA)? What is it’s cause?

A

Below 10th percentile for weight

Secondary to intrauterine growth restriction

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11
Q

List some problems you would expect to see in premies

A

Breathing, feeding, temperature regulation, cardiac, infection

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12
Q

Causes of neonatal seizures

A
  • metabolic imbalances
  • inherited metabolic conditions
  • infections
  • hypoxic ischemia/ periventricular leukomalacia
  • intracranial/ ventricular hemorrhage/ infarction
  • congenital brain malformation
  • chromosomal anomalies
  • neonatal drug withdrawal
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13
Q

What are examples of metabolic disturbances/ things that can be disturbed?

A 
Glucose (maternal diabetes)
Sepsis/ infection
Calcium (hypocalcemia: maternal diabetes, fetal asphyxia, VLBW)
Electrolyte imbalances
Jaundice
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14
Q

Examples of infectious diseases spread by Transplacental Acquisition?

A 
◦AIDS/HIV
◦CMV
◦Rubella
◦Syphilis
◦Toxoplasmosis
◦TORCH syndrome*
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15
Q

Examples of infectious diseases acquired postnatally ?

A 
◦Bacterial infections
◦Fungal infections
◦Skin infections
◦GI infections
◦UTIs
◦URIs
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16
Q

Examples of infectious diseases acquired perinatally ?

A 
◦Chlamydia
◦Coxsackie
◦Polio
◦Strep B
◦Hepatitis B
◦Herpes
◦TB
◦Listeria (unpasteurized milk products)
◦Gonorrhea, Syphilis
◦Varicella
◦Bacterial infections
◦TORCH syndrome*
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17
Q

Symptoms of FAS and FAE

A

Irritable, shaking, crying, weird reflexes, hyper alert, inconsolable

18
Q

Incidence of FAS and FAE

A

FAS- 750 infants/year

FAE- 40,000 infants/year

19
Q

Omphalocele

A

Abdominal wall deformity from umbilicus
Intestines outside cavity
** COVERED IN MEMBRANE**

20
Q

Gastroschisis

A

Intestines not in cavity OR membrane

21
Q

Diaphragmatic hernia

A

Intestines/ organs protrude through hole in diaphragm

Results in labored breathing and maybe a smaller lung

22
Q

Esophageal atresia

A

Esophagus is a pocket not connected to stomach

Baby spits up/ pukes

23
Q

Trachea esophageal fistula

A

Abnormal connection

Air in tummy food in lungs

24
Q

necrotizing enterocolitis

A

Death of colon tissue
Presents as distended stomach
Causes
A)GI tube not getting enough O2
B) bacteria in feeding tube can be epidemic t/o hospital
Sx to resect small intestines or colon and insert stoma

25
Q

Cardiac Complications

A

Patent Ductus arteriosis
Ventricular septal defects/ atrial septal defects
Tetralogy of fallot

26
Q

What color are babies with the tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Blue

27
Q

What are the 4 defects of the tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Ventricular septal defect
Overriding of ascending aorta
Pulmonic stenosis
Right Ventricular hypertrophy

28
Q

How long before not breathing becomes apnea?

A

20 seconds

29
Q

Causes of Apnea

A 
◦Prematurity
◦Sepsis
◦Infection
◦Pneumonia
◦Upper airway anomalies
◦PDA
◦CHF
◦IVH
◦Seizures
◦Tumors
◦Anemia
◦ Rapid Environmental Changes
◦Feeding
◦Elimination
◦suctioning
30
Q

Causes of Bradycarida

A

◦Immaturity
◦Anoxia
◦Cerebral Defects
◦Increased intracranial pressure

31
Q

What is the cut off for bradycardia?

A

<120 bpm

32
Q

What are common respiratory conditions among neonates?

A

Respiratory distress syndrome
Bronchopulmonary displasia
Retinopathy of prematurity
Meconium aspiration

33
Q

T or F: respiratory distress syndrome is a life long disease

A

False, it can resolve itself

34
Q

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

A

Chronic

Lung tissue damage

35
Q

Retinopathy of prematurity

A

Unknown cause

Increase in eye pressure due to over vascularization resulting in proliferation

36
Q

Trisomy 21

A

Downs Syndrome

37
Q

Trisomy 13

A

Patau

38
Q

1p36 Deletion Syndrome

A

… 1p36 Deletion Syndrome

39
Q

5p minus syndrome (deletion)

A

Cri du chat syndrome or Lejeune’s syndrome

40
Q

Types of genetic conditions

A 
Trisomy
Monosomy
Translations
Deletions
Inversion
41
Q

Types of orthopedic conditions

A
  • Bracial Plexus Injury
  • Arthrogryposis
  • Congenital hip dislocation/dysplasia
  • Torticollis
  • Club foot deformity
42
Q

Signs of Overstimulation

A
  • Hiccupping
  • Drowsiness
  • Fussiness
  • Yawning
  • Spitting up
  • Looking away
  • Finger/toe splaying

Pediatrics PT III (18 decks)

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