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Next Generation > Stallion > Flashcards

Stallion Flashcards

1
Q

What is unique about equine prepuce

A

Double folded similar to a telescope
Each has an outer and inner lamina

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2
Q

Describe the scrotal sac

A

Almost spherical with a distinct scrotal raphe
The skin of the scrotum is thin, pigmented, and has sebaceous glands (oily)

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3
Q

Which fold corresponds to the prepuce of other animals

A

External fold
continuous with body wall (haired)
Always visible whether penis is retracted or not

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4
Q

What is the preputial orifice

A

Where the external fold reflects inward

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5
Q

What is the preputial ring

A

Formed by preputial fold

Internal (not always visible when penis is retracted) and mobile

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6
Q
A

A) scrotal sac
B) external fold
C) preputial orifice
D) Preputial fold
E) Preputial ring

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7
Q
A
  1. Preputial orifice
  2. Preputial ring
  3. Prepuce proper
  4. Preputial fold
  5. Free part of penis
  6. Glans
  7. Urethral sinus, ca. part of fossa glandis
  8. Urethra
  9. Body wall
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8
Q

Compare/Contrast external fold vs internal fold

A

External:
Continuous with body wall
Haired
Always visible
Forms preputial orifice

Internal:
Continuous with penile skin
hairless
Not always visible
Forms preputial ring

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9
Q
A

a) glans penis
b) free part of penis
c) attachment of inner lamina of preputial fold to penis
d) inner lamina of preputial fold
e) preputial ring (slightly raised)
f) outer lamina of preputial fold
g) external fold of prepuce

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10
Q

Describe the testes

A

Ovoid (left is larger than right and more caudal)

Horizontal (tail of epididymis is caudal)

Well developed ligaments

mediastinum testis is at cranial pole (not central like other species)

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11
Q
A

1, Testis
2, head of epididymis
2′, body of epididymis
2′′, tail of epididymis
3, testicular bursa
4, deferent duct
4′, mesoductus deferens
5, pampiniform plexus
6, mesorchium
7, proper ligament of testis
8, ligament of tail of epididymis
9, cut edge of fold connecting visceral and parietal layers of the vaginal tunic.

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12
Q

Name the structures of the spermatic cord

A

Ductus deferens
Testicular a, v, n, lymphatics
Smooth muscle bundles (formely ere master internus)
Visceral layer of vaginal tunic

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13
Q

What is unique about ampulla ductus deferens in horses

A

Largest amongst domestic animals

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14
Q

Where is the ampulla ductus deferens located

A

within genital folds

ejaculatory orifice

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15
Q

What is the ejaculatory orifice

A

common opening for the ampulla & vesicular gland at the seminal colliculus.

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16
Q
A
  1. The common ejaculatory duct
  2. Lateral aspect of the colliculus seminalis
  3. Openings of he prostate on the lateral ridge of the colliculus seminalis
  4. Openings of the bulbourethral glands
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17
Q

How do the visceral vs parietal layer of the vaginal tunic interact with the spermatic cord

A

Visceral layer covers the components of the spermatic cord individually

Parietal layer wraps them as a whole

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18
Q

What structures pass through the inguinal canal

A

The genitofemoral nerve, external
pudendal artery, and the spermatic cord

Note: The vaginal process is completely absent in the female of large animal species and no vaginal ring

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19
Q

What structures can be felt rectally

A

The spermatic cord and the vaginal ring can be easily recognized in the stallion.

The ductus deferens is picked up on the urinary bladder and traced to its
disappearance.

Small colon —- chain of sacculations (filled with firm fecal balls) found usually
just front to pelvic inlet to the left (also has 2 tenia)

Healthy ureters CAN NOT be identified rectall

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20
Q

What diseases can a rectal exam diagnose

A

Inguinal hernia and abdominal cryptorchidism

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21
Q

what type of penis does the stallion have

A

musculocavernous

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22
Q

What is the suspensory lig of the penis

A

attached dorsal penis to the pelvic symphysis

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23
Q

What is the fundiform lig

A

Sling shaped lig. of the penis bilateral elastic bands from the median ventral surface of the PREPUBIC TENDON.

They pass around the sides of the penis and blend with the scrotal septum.

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24
Q

What makes up the crura

A

Tunica albuginea,
corpus carnosum covered with ischiocavernosus m

25
Q

What makes up the root of the penis

A

2 crus and bulb

26
Q

What makes up the bulb of the penis

A

Corpus spongiosum penis

27
Q

name these muscles

A

1) ischiocavernosus m
2) bulbospongiosus m
3) retractor penis m

28
Q

Describe the bulbospongiosus muscle in the horse

A

Skeletal
Continuation of the circular urethralis M. surrounding the pelvic urethra

Extends over the entire ventral
penile body to the glans
(In the dog, it does not extend beyond root of the penis)

29
Q

What makes up the penile body

A

Corpus cavernosum
corpus spongiosum penis
bulbospongiosus m

30
Q
A

1 tunica albuginea
2 Corpus cavernosum penis
3 Urethra
4 Corpus spongiosum penis
5 M. bulbospongiosus (over the entire penile body)
6 M. retractor penis

31
Q
A

1) bulbospongiosus m
2) retractor penis m
3) ischiocavernosus m
4) ischiatic tuber

32
Q

Describe the penile glans

A

Expanded corpus spongiosum glandis
continuation of corpus cavernosum

33
Q

What is the corona glandis

A

raised edge at junction of the glans with the body

34
Q

What is the urethral sinus and clin sig

A

dorsal diverticulum of fossa glandis

Location where smegma can solidify → “bean” which can obstruct flow of urine and harbor microbs (need to routinely Clean)

35
Q
A

1) corona glandis
2) fossa glandis
3) urethral sinus
4) external urethral opening
5) column glandis
6) urethral process

36
Q

T/F: the horse has an os penis

A

false

37
Q

What caps the corpus cavernosum penis

A

Expanded corpus spongiosum

38
Q
A
  1. CCP
  2. urethra with CSP around it
  3. urethral process
  4. stump of bulbospongiosus
  5. fossa glandis
    6- dorsal process of the glans (CSG)
  6. urethral sinus
  7. tunica albuginea
39
Q
A

a) glans penis
b) free part of penis
1. fossa glandis
2. urethral process.
3. ext. urethral orifice
4. corona glandis
5. collum glandis

40
Q
A
  1. Scrotum
  2. External fold of the prepuce
  3. Preputial orifice
  4. Preputial ring
  5. Outer lamina of the preputial fold
  6. Inner lamina of preputial fold
  7. Free part of penis
  8. Glans penis
41
Q

Describe penile artery supply

A

artery of the penis
middle artery of the penis
cranial artery of the penis

42
Q

Where does the artery of the penis come from and name some of its branches

A

It is a branch of the internal pudendal

Gives off:
- artery of bulb of penis
- deep a. of penis
- dorsal a. of penis

43
Q

Where does the middle of the penis come from and name what it supplies

A

Branch from obturator artery
supplies CCP

44
Q

Where does the cranial a of the penis come from and name what it supplies

A

Branch from external pudendal artery

supplies rostral part of penis and prepuce

45
Q
A

1) cr artery of the penis
2) middle artery of the penis
3) artery of the penis

46
Q
A

1) external pudendal venous plexus
2) ext pudendal vein

47
Q

What is the ext pudendal venous plexus

A

Receives venous blood immediately after
dismounting of the stallion.

Drained by the ext. pudendal vein,
which does not return via inguinal canal
in the horse.

It perforates the origin of the gracilis M.
and joins the deep femoral vein

48
Q

Describe accessory genital glands in the horse and list them

A

All are piared
all located along pelvic urethra and open into it

Ampula ductus deferens
vesicular gland/seminal vesicle
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands (BUGS)

49
Q
A

1) ampulla
2) vesicular gland
3) bulbourethral gland
4) prostate body
5) ejaculatory duct

50
Q

What ducts open into the colliculus seminalis

A

Ampulla DD
vesicular gland

51
Q

Where is the vesicular glands compared the the ampullary

A

vesicular glands are caudolateral to ampullary

52
Q
A
  1. Bladder
  2. ureter
  3. genital fold, ca. part of dorsal layer removed 4. ampulla ductus d.
  4. seminal vesicles
  5. & 6’ isthmus & left lobe of prostate
  6. urethralis over pelvic urethra
  7. BUG covered by bulboglandularis m.
  8. bulbospongiosus on bulb of penis
  9. ischiocavernosus
  10. retractor penis
  11. uterus masculinus
53
Q

Describe the prostate gland

A

Butterfly appearance
body (2 lobes with isthmus)
NO disseminate part
Opens into prostatic urethra

54
Q

Describe the bulbourethral glands

A

Open into pelvic urethra @ the ischial arch.

Each opens by numerous ducts .

covered by extension of the urethralis m.
(bulboglandularis m).

55
Q

Which nerve gives sensation to the glans and what is it a branch of

A

Dorsal n of penis (br of pudendal n)

56
Q

What does the pelvic n supply

A

(parasymp) → smooth m of blood vessels and erectile cavernous tissue, including helicine aa of the deep a. of penis.

57
Q

What does the hypogastric n supply

A

(sympathetic) → smooth m of blood vessels +
retractor penis + erectile tissue & urethra.

58
Q

What nerve supplies the skeletal muscles of the perineum (including the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus) and what is it a branch of

A

Deep perineal n (br of pudendal n)

Next Generation (8 decks)

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