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Next Generation > Male Ruminant and Porcine > Flashcards

Male Ruminant and Porcine Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the scrotum in ruminants. What is cranial to the scrotum?

A

pendulous with flesh-colored skin

2-4 accessory teats just
cranial to scrotum

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2
Q

What changes on a hot or cold day in regards to the scrotum

A

Musculature in tunica dartos contracts when it is cold

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3
Q

How do ram scrotums differ

A

Large & pendulous with marked constriction at the neck

Covered with hair

Ram testis are large
as those of bull

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4
Q

name the scrotum location (perineal, intermediate, or inguinal) for a dog, tom, and bull

A

dog: intermediate
tom: perineal
bull: inguinal

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5
Q
A

1, Scrotal skin and dartos
2, scrotal septum
3, external spermatic fascia
4, parietal layer of vaginal tunic
5, visceral layer (dissected from surface of testis)
6, cremaster m
7, visceral layer of vaginal tunic covering structures in spermatic cord
7′, visceral layer on testis
8, deferent duct
9, tail of epididymis.

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6
Q

Describe ruminant testes shape, epididymis location, and ductus deferens location

A

Oval, Big size

Vertically placed Epididymis:
body is caudomedial to the testis
Tail is Ventral & prominent (palpated through the scrotum.)

Ductus deferens:
Medial and cranial

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7
Q

Ruminants have vesicular glands of vesicle?

A

gland (horses have vesicle)

called gland bc solid, with no cavity

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8
Q

Compare prostate in bulls vs small rum

A

Bull (Small body + disseminate part)
Small ruminants (only disseminate part)

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9
Q

Name the accessory glands typical to ruminants

A

All 4:
Ampullae ductus deferens
Vesicular glands
Prostate
BUGS

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10
Q

Name 4, 6, 7, 9

A

4) Ampullae ductus deferens
6) Vesicular glands
7) Prostate
9) BUGS

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11
Q
A

1) Ampullae ductus deferens
2) Vesicular glands
3) Prostate

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12
Q

What is the urethral recess and clin sig

A

aka bulbourethral pouch

Where BUGs open into (they don’t open directly into urethra)

common place for catheter to get stuck, unknown function

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13
Q

What muscle covers the BUGs and clin sig and species differences

A

Bulbospongiosus m

clin sig: makes bugs difficult to palpate rectally

in ruminants: this muscle is short but wide vs in horses it goes full length of penis

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14
Q
A

1, Ureter;
2, bladder;
3, deferent duct;
4, ampullary gland;
5, vesicular gland;
6, body of prostate;
7, bulbourethral gland;
8, urethra,
9, bulb of penis.

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15
Q

which species do not have an ampulla

A

boar, tom

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16
Q

which species do not have a vesicular gland/vesicle

A

dog, tom

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17
Q

Which species only have body of prostate? only disseminate?

A

body only: horse and bull

disseminate only: small rum

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18
Q

which species does not have BUGs

A

dog

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19
Q

Where does prepuce extend to externally?

A

cranially as far as navel

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20
Q

is the prepuce in ruminants more similar to a dog or horse

A

dog - no double layer but is longer and more narrow
also the preputial orofice is surrounded by hair

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21
Q

What is on the interior preputial wall

A

lymphoid tissues (gives it “texture”)

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22
Q

What is preputial frenulum and clin sig

A

Is a thin band of connective tissue on the
ventral of the penis that extends from the
prepuce to near the tip of the free portion of
the penis.

clin sig: It ruptures @ puberty due to rise of
testosterone level. If the frenulum fails to rupture, a bull can still extend the penis but has a marked ventral bending of the free portion of the penis on erection (need to cut it surgically)
note: boars can also have a persistent frenulum

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23
Q

How is the ruminant penis similar to other species

A

Same parts
Same muscles

24
Q

Describe the susp lig of the penis

A

Short, close together on the ischial arch

Dorsal nn. & vessels of the penis pass
between them

25
Q
A

1, Bladder
2, ureter
3, deferent duct
4, vesicular gland
5, body of prostate
6, urethralis
7, bulbourethral gland
8, ischiocavernosus
9, crus of penis (in transverse section)
10, retractor penis;
11, bulbospongiosus
12, sigmoid flexure.

26
Q

What type of penis do ruminants have?

A

Fibroelastic : fibrous tissue predominates, Firm even if not erect

27
Q

describe the tunica albuginea

A

Well-developed (to prevent penile
rupture)

Enormous pressures (14 000 mmHg)
are generated by the ischiocavernosus muscles
within the corpus cavernosum penis (CCP)

28
Q
A

1, Corpus cavernosum;
2, corpus spongiosum;
3, urethra;
4, tunica albuginea * dorsal vein of CCP * ventrolateral veins

29
Q

Where is the sigmoid flexure and clin sig

A

Post-scrotal
is what allows an Erection to incr length
location for Urinary calculi to get trapped

30
Q

Where is the retractor penis muscle attached

A

distal to the sigmoid flexure

31
Q
A
  1. Glans
  2. Urethral process
  3. Raphe penis (on ventral aspect)
  4. Preputial skin
  5. free part of penis
32
Q

Describe the glans penis in the bull

A

small,
CSP

33
Q

describe the urethral process in the bull

A

Short
within urethral groove (on RIGHT side of glans)
Adheres to the glans

34
Q
A

1, Glans (CSG);
2, urethral process;
3, raphe;
4, preputial skin
5. free part of the penis

35
Q

What is the dorsal apical lig and clin sig

A

A thick longitudinal band slips off the DORSAL surface of the tunica albuginea

facilitates intromission
◼ as it supports the dorsal penis and hold the penis straight during
erection.

clin sig: Penile deviation results from problems with the apical lig.
Important for surgical repairs

36
Q

Where is the dorsal apical lig located

A

DORSAL surface of the tunica
albuginea distal to the SF and inserts back into t. albuginea near the apex,
where it fans out to encapsulate the head of the penis.

It is found under the skin, SQ fascia and elastic layer of the penis as a band of collagen fibers sitting on the dorsal midline.

It is SEPARATED from the underlying t. albuginea by a fascial
layer.

37
Q
A

Dorsal apical lig

38
Q
A

Distal end of Ram’s penis
1. free part of penis
2. glans
3. urethral process
4. erectile protuberance
5. collum glandis
6. Recess between edge of glans and free part (on left side)

39
Q

Dorsal apical lig species differences

A
40
Q

Describe small rum glans penis

A

Fibroelastic with a post-scrotal SF

Urethral process
 Long projects beyond glans

41
Q

How to ram and buck glans penises differ

A

Erectile protuberance
 On LEFT
 Ram ONLY
 Not in goats

42
Q
A
  1. free part of penis
  2. glans
  3. urethral process
  4. erectile protuberance
  5. collum glandis
  6. raphe penis
  7. urethra
  8. corpus cavernosum penis
  9. corpus spongiosum penis
43
Q

Describe ruminants penis arterial supply
Name 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 14

A

simialr to a dog
1 - aorta
2 - external iliac
3 - Internal iliac
7 - Internal pudendal (sole source)
9 – artery of penis
14 - testicular

44
Q

Describe boar scrotum

A

ust ventral to the anus  Projects behind the caudal margin of the thigh

45
Q

Describe boar testis and epididymis

A

Very large testes

Epididymis
lies on the craniodorsal
border of the testis.
very large tail (tail to tail

46
Q

what is unique about ductus deferens in boars

A

opens separately from vesicular gland duct

47
Q

What is unique about boar prepuce

A

Similar to ruminants except preputial diverticulum on the dorsal aspect 

The P. diverticulum has a median septum → right & left compartments 

Boar can get his penis into this diverticulum and masturbate into it

48
Q
A

1, Cranial preputial muscle;
2, preputial orifice;
3, orifice between prepuce and diverticulum;
4 preputial cavity;
5, preputial diverticulum;
6, penis;
7, medial surface of right hock

49
Q

Clin sig of preputial diverticulum

A

Corynebacterium Suis 

The penis may enter one of the
diverticulae during copulation
→ ejaculate within → infertility

50
Q

what type of penis do boars have

A

fibroelastic

51
Q

Where is the sigmoid flexure in boars

A

pre-scrotal

52
Q

Describe the glans and distal end of penis in boars

A

Glans undeveloped

DISTAL END
◼ Spirally twisted (corkscrew)
◼ With pointed end
◼ Raphe penis twist along the glans

53
Q
A

1, Tunica albuginea;
2, corpus cavernosum;
3, urethral groove;
4, external urethral orifice;
5, thin glans penis.

54
Q

Describe arterial and nerve supply of boar penis

A

similar to a dog

55
Q
A

a. free part of penis
b. int. lamina of prepuce
c. Preputial orifice
d. Left half of preputial diverticulum
e. Opening between diverticulum and prepuce.

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