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Female Carnivore Flashcards

1
Q

From top to bottom list the order of the following systems: Repro, GI, urinary

A

1) GI (rectum)
2) Reproductive (vagina)
3) Urinary (urethra)

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2
Q

Where are the ovaries located

A

Caudal to each kidney
(therefore the right ovary is more cranial than the left)

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3
Q

Describe ovary shape/apperance

A

Small oval
Smooth when not cycling, covered with follicles during cycle

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4
Q

What are the peritoneal folds

A

Broad ligaments (there are two/paired)

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5
Q

What does each broad ligament contain

A

contains ovary, uterine tube and uterine horn + its blood vessels & nerves + smooth muscle storing fat.

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6
Q

What are the three parts of the broad ligament and what does each suspend

A

Mesoovarium - suspends ovary
Mesosalpinx - suspents uterine tube (salpinx) and lateral side of ovary
Mesometrium - suspends uterine horns and body

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7
Q

Describe location of round ligament

A

Free border of mesometrium in broad lig

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8
Q

From what structure is the round ligament a remnant of

A

Gubernaculum

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9
Q

Where does the round ligament end

A

Vaginal Process

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10
Q

What is the vaginal process? Species differences?

A

The vaginal process is a peritoneal
pouch extends through the inguinal
canal into the subcutaneous region of
the vulva. (absent in cat)

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11
Q
A

1) Mesoovarium
2) Mesosalpinx
3) Mesometrium
4) suspensory lig of ovary
5) round lig of uterus
6) inguinal canal location
7) R kidney

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12
Q

What is unique of the cat broad lig?

A

fusion of broad ligament
with lateral ligament of bladder

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13
Q

Name the species

A

Canine

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14
Q

Name the species

A

Feline

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15
Q
A

1) Lateral ligament of bladder
2) fusion of broad ligament with lateral ligament of bladder
3) Round lig of uterus
4) Broad lig
5) Suspensory lig

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16
Q

What is the ovarian bursa and what courses through its wall

A

Envelope made of mesovarium + mesosalpinx that surrounds the ovary

The uterine tube or oviduct courses
through the wall of the ovarian bursa

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16
Q
A

1, Ovary
2, Opening of ovarian bursa
3, Infundibulum
4, Ascending oviduct
5, Proper ligament of ovary
6, Round ligament of uterus
7, Uterine horn
8, Mesometrium
9, Descending oviduct

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17
Q

Where does the ovarian bursa open

A

Opens medially to peritoneal cavity by a narrow slit

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18
Q

What lies/protrudes from the opening of the ovarian bursa

A

Fimbria of the infundibulum

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19
Q

Ovarian bursa species differences canine vs feline

A

Present in both
It completely covers the ovary in the dog.
Cats have INCOMPLETE ovarian bursa.
Only the lateral part of the ovary is covered by the bursa in the cat)

During spay what you see in cat is different than in dogs!

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20
Q

Where does the suspensory lig of the ovary run

A

Long
from ovary to last rib and diaphragm

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21
Q

What is the susp lig of ovary a remnant of

A

Cr gonadal lig

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22
Q

Where does the proper lig of the ovary run

A

Short
between cd ovary to the tip of the uterine horn

(Continuous cranially with the suspensory
lig. & caudally with the round lig. of
uterus)

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23
Q

What is the proper lig of the ovary a remnant of

A

Ca gonadal lig (gubernaculum)

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24
What are the surgical considerations regarding the suspensory lig during a spay
It contains a small branch of the ovarian a. and vein which runs cranially & anastomose with the phrenicoabdominal vessels. Ligation to avoid bleeding in large dogs. It may not be necessary if small dog.
25
Where does the uterine tube run
Begins on the medial surface of the ovary as a dilatation (infundibulum with tiny fimbriae). passes cranially, then turns around the cr. ovarian pole to course caudally along the lateral ovarian surface → tip of uterine horn.
26
1) Ovary 2) Uterine tube 3) uterine opening (inside) 4) Fimbriae 5) infundibulum 6) Abdominal opening
27
List the four parts of the uterine tube and describe them
1. Infundibulum - Proximal 2. Ampulla -the wide part follows infundibulum 3. Isthmus - narrow, tortuous 4. Uterotubal Junction (UTJ)
28
What does the ovarian pedicle contain
- the suspensory lig with its artery and vein - ovarian artery and vein - variable amounts of fat and connective tissue
29
Ovarian pedicle species differences
Canine ovarian pedicles contain more fat than feline, making it more difficult to visualize the vasculature.
30
Describe the path of ovarian vessels within the pedicle
Very tortuous
31
What is the main surgical consideration involving the ovary during a spay
Removal of the large fat pad/bursa in dogs → can miss pieces of the ovary→ hormones → “stump” pyometra.
32
Describe the uterine horns
Very long and are inside the abdomen Extend just ca. to last rib to just cr. to pelvic brim
33
Describe the ligaments associated with the uterine horns
Intercornual ligament (Small ligament between caudal horns) Attached to ovary by proper ovarian lig.
34
1) Right ovarian suspensory lig 2) Ovarian pedicle 3) Rectum and mesorectum 4) right uterine horn 5) left ovarian bursa 6) left ovary 7) utero-ovarian "proper" lig 8) left mesometrium 9) uterine body 10) bladder
35
Where does gestation occur
inside the uterine horns
36
Compare/contrast uterin position while pregnant vs not
Not pregant: dorsal to and within jejunal loops Pregnant: on belly floor
37
Where does left vs right ovarian vein drain into
Lt ovarian v drains into lt renal v. The Rt v drains into the cd vena cava
38
What is the cervix
Muscular passage between uterus and vagina
39
Where is the cervix located
Usually located in the pelvic cavity
40
Describe the entrance/exit ostiums of the cervi and where they are pointed directionally
Internal uterine ostium: (cranially) dorsally. Ext. uterine ostium: (caudally) faces ventrally toward floor of the vagina.
41
What is the direction of the cervical canal
Obliquely positioned craniodorsally from vagina to uterus
42
1) Internal uterine ostium 2) External uterine ostium
43
4, Body of uterus; 6, Cervix; 7, Cervical canal; 8, Fornix of vagina; 9, Vagina
44
What is the vaginal fornix
(recess): is a blind pocket at the cr. end of the vagina formed by the entrance of the cervix into the vaginal canal.
44
When ligating the ovarian vessels, suspensory lig, and uterine vessel what structure needs to be avoided
Ureters The ureters cross the dorsolateral surface of the ovarian vessels that are tied during the spay operation
45
Where is the vagina
From cervix to vestibule
46
What is the vaginal dorsal median fold (DMF) and clin sig
Fold of mucosa @ dorsal cranial midline Reduces diameter of vaginal lumen Tubercle @ caudal end can be mistaken for entrance to cervix
47
1) Fornix od vagina 2) external orifice of cervical canal 3) Dorsal median fold (DMF) 4) Clitoral fossa
48
1) Dorsal median fold 2) Cervical tubercle (vaginal part of cervix) 3) Fornix 4) Ext. orifice of cervical canal
49
What is the vestibule
Extends from vagina to the vulva (imited cr. by the ext. urethral orifice & caudally by the labia of the vulva.) Steep slope to the vagina
50
Where is the urethral orifice
small urethral tubercle/papilla, which projects cranioventral in the vestibule
51
What may be found on either side of the ext urethral orifice
Mesonephric duct remnants (canals of Gartner)
52
What is the vestibular bulb and clin sig
Spherical erectile tissue (venous plexus) within the lateral vestibular walls Homologue to bulb of the penis In K9 copulation – engorgement → lock/tie. 36
53
A – vagina B – vestibule C – urethral tubercle (elevated) D – clitoris E – labia F – VESTIBULAR BULB
53
Name the muscle associated with the vestibular bulb
Vestibular bulb is surrounded by constrictor vestibuli m
54
Name some potential problems associated with passage of endoscopy or artificial insemination How do you avoid this?
* The clitoral fossa * Angulation of the tract * Urethral tubercle * Fornix of vagina * Position and diameter of cervical canal * The presence of the dorsal median fold of The vagina (DMF) → narrowing Guide the AI catheter along the ceiling (dorsal aspect) of the vestibule
55
What is the purpose of vestibular glands and where are they located
In the floor of the vestibule. Provide lubrication during coitus and whelping or queening. Produce pheromones
56
Which species has minor vs major vestibular glands
Minor vestibular glands: in both bitches and queens. Major vestibular glands: queens only (big ~.25in)
57
What muscles are associated with the vulva and clin sig
The constrictor vulvae and constrictor vestibule muscles encircle the vulva and vestibule Involved in "lock/tie" homologous with bulbospongiosus M. in male
58
Descibe the vulva (labia structure and commisures)
Simple pair of labia Dorsal commissure Ventral commissure
59
Where is the dorsal commissure located
Below pelvic symphysis
60
What is located in the ventral commissure
Clitoris
61
What is the clitoris homologous to in the male
Penis Similar parts (but no urethra) Crura + Body & Glans Corpus cavernosum clitoridis, Prepuce
62
What is the fossa clitoridis (clitorial fossa) and clin sig
Depression on floor of vestibule Don’t mistake fossa clitoridis for the urethral opening during catheterization. The clitoral fossa can obstruct endoscopic instruments, or the urethral catheter
63
Where is the urethral opening in comparison to the fossa clitoridis
The urethral opening is located more dorsally, and about 4 cm cranial to the clitoral fossa
64
10 Clitoris 2) Fossa clitoridis

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