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Next Generation > Female Carnivore > Flashcards

Female Carnivore Flashcards

1
Q

From top to bottom list the order of the following systems: Repro, GI, urinary

A

1) GI (rectum)
2) Reproductive (vagina)
3) Urinary (urethra)

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2
Q

Where are the ovaries located

A

Caudal to each kidney
(therefore the right ovary is more cranial than the left)

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3
Q

Describe ovary shape/apperance

A

Small oval
Smooth when not cycling, covered with follicles during cycle

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4
Q

What are the peritoneal folds

A

Broad ligaments (there are two/paired)

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5
Q

What does each broad ligament contain

A

contains ovary, uterine tube and uterine horn + its blood vessels & nerves + smooth muscle storing fat.

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6
Q

What are the three parts of the broad ligament and what does each suspend

A

Mesoovarium - suspends ovary
Mesosalpinx - suspents uterine tube (salpinx) and lateral side of ovary
Mesometrium - suspends uterine horns and body

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7
Q

Describe location of round ligament

A

Free border of mesometrium in broad lig

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8
Q

From what structure is the round ligament a remnant of

A

Gubernaculum

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9
Q

Where does the round ligament end

A

Vaginal Process

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10
Q

What is the vaginal process? Species differences?

A

The vaginal process is a peritoneal
pouch extends through the inguinal
canal into the subcutaneous region of
the vulva. (absent in cat)

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11
Q
A

1) Mesoovarium
2) Mesosalpinx
3) Mesometrium
4) suspensory lig of ovary
5) round lig of uterus
6) inguinal canal location
7) R kidney

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12
Q

What is unique of the cat broad lig?

A

fusion of broad ligament
with lateral ligament of bladder

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13
Q

Name the species

A

Canine

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14
Q

Name the species

A

Feline

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15
Q
A

1) Lateral ligament of bladder
2) fusion of broad ligament with lateral ligament of bladder
3) Round lig of uterus
4) Broad lig
5) Suspensory lig

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16
Q

What is the ovarian bursa and what courses through its wall

A

Envelope made of mesovarium + mesosalpinx that surrounds the ovary

The uterine tube or oviduct courses
through the wall of the ovarian bursa

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16
Q
A

1, Ovary
2, Opening of ovarian bursa
3, Infundibulum
4, Ascending oviduct
5, Proper ligament of ovary
6, Round ligament of uterus
7, Uterine horn
8, Mesometrium
9, Descending oviduct

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17
Q

Where does the ovarian bursa open

A

Opens medially to peritoneal cavity by a narrow slit

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18
Q

What lies/protrudes from the opening of the ovarian bursa

A

Fimbria of the infundibulum

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19
Q

Ovarian bursa species differences canine vs feline

A

Present in both
It completely covers the ovary in the dog.
Cats have INCOMPLETE ovarian bursa.
Only the lateral part of the ovary is covered by the bursa in the cat)

During spay what you see in cat is different than in dogs!

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20
Q

Where does the suspensory lig of the ovary run

A

Long
from ovary to last rib and diaphragm

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21
Q

What is the susp lig of ovary a remnant of

A

Cr gonadal lig

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22
Q

Where does the proper lig of the ovary run

A

Short
between cd ovary to the tip of the uterine horn

(Continuous cranially with the suspensory
lig. & caudally with the round lig. of
uterus)

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23
Q

What is the proper lig of the ovary a remnant of

A

Ca gonadal lig (gubernaculum)

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24
Q

What are the surgical considerations regarding the suspensory lig during a spay

A

It contains a small branch of the ovarian a. and vein which runs cranially & anastomose with the phrenicoabdominal vessels.

Ligation to avoid bleeding in large dogs.
It may not be necessary if small dog.

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25
Q

Where does the uterine tube run

A

Begins on the medial surface of the ovary as a dilatation (infundibulum with tiny
fimbriae).

passes cranially, then turns around the cr. ovarian pole to course caudally along
the lateral ovarian surface → tip of uterine horn.

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26
Q
A

1) Ovary
2) Uterine tube
3) uterine opening (inside)
4) Fimbriae
5) infundibulum
6) Abdominal opening

27
Q

List the four parts of the uterine tube and describe them

A
  1. Infundibulum - Proximal
  2. Ampulla -the wide part follows infundibulum
  3. Isthmus - narrow, tortuous
  4. Uterotubal Junction (UTJ)
28
Q

What does the ovarian pedicle contain

A
  • the suspensory lig with its artery and vein
  • ovarian artery and vein
  • variable amounts of fat and connective tissue
29
Q

Ovarian pedicle species differences

A

Canine ovarian pedicles contain more fat
than feline, making it more difficult to
visualize the vasculature.

30
Q

Describe the path of ovarian vessels within the pedicle

A

Very tortuous

31
Q

What is the main surgical consideration involving the ovary during a spay

A

Removal of the large fat pad/bursa in dogs → can miss pieces of the ovary→ hormones → “stump” pyometra.

32
Q

Describe the uterine horns

A

Very long and are inside the abdomen

Extend just ca. to last rib to just
cr. to pelvic brim

33
Q

Describe the ligaments associated with the uterine horns

A

Intercornual ligament (Small ligament between
caudal horns)

Attached to ovary by proper
ovarian lig.

34
Q
A

1) Right ovarian suspensory lig
2) Ovarian pedicle
3) Rectum and mesorectum
4) right uterine horn
5) left ovarian bursa
6) left ovary
7) utero-ovarian “proper” lig
8) left mesometrium
9) uterine body
10) bladder

35
Q

Where does gestation occur

A

inside the uterine horns

36
Q

Compare/contrast uterin position while pregnant vs not

A

Not pregant: dorsal to and within jejunal loops
Pregnant: on belly floor

37
Q

Where does left vs right ovarian vein drain into

A

Lt ovarian v drains into lt renal v.
The Rt v drains into the cd vena cava

38
Q

What is the cervix

A

Muscular passage between uterus
and vagina

39
Q

Where is the cervix located

A

Usually located in the pelvic cavity

40
Q

Describe the entrance/exit ostiums of the cervi and where they are pointed directionally

A

Internal uterine ostium:
(cranially) dorsally.

Ext. uterine ostium: (caudally)
faces ventrally toward floor of
the vagina.

41
Q

What is the direction of the cervical canal

A

Obliquely positioned craniodorsally from vagina to uterus

42
Q
A

1) Internal uterine ostium
2) External uterine ostium

43
Q
A

4, Body of uterus;
6, Cervix;
7, Cervical canal;
8, Fornix of vagina;
9, Vagina

44
Q

What is the vaginal fornix

A

(recess):
is a blind pocket at the cr. end of the vagina
formed by the entrance of the
cervix into the vaginal canal.

44
Q

When ligating the ovarian vessels, suspensory lig, and uterine vessel what structure needs to be avoided

A

Ureters

The ureters cross the dorsolateral surface of the ovarian vessels that are tied during the spay operation

45
Q

Where is the vagina

A

From cervix to vestibule

46
Q

What is the vaginal dorsal median fold (DMF) and clin sig

A

Fold of mucosa @ dorsal cranial midline

Reduces diameter of vaginal lumen
Tubercle @ caudal end can be mistaken for entrance to cervix

47
Q
A

1) Fornix od vagina
2) external orifice of cervical canal
3) Dorsal median fold (DMF)
4) Clitoral fossa

48
Q
A

1) Dorsal median fold
2) Cervical tubercle (vaginal part of cervix)
3) Fornix
4) Ext. orifice of cervical canal

49
Q

What is the vestibule

A

Extends from vagina to the vulva
(imited cr. by the ext. urethral orifice &
caudally by the labia of the vulva.)
Steep slope to the vagina

50
Q

Where is the urethral orifice

A

small urethral tubercle/papilla, which projects
cranioventral in the vestibule

51
Q

What may be found on either side of the ext urethral orifice

A

Mesonephric duct remnants (canals of
Gartner)

52
Q

What is the vestibular bulb and clin sig

A

Spherical erectile tissue (venous plexus) within the lateral vestibular walls
Homologue to bulb of the penis

In K9 copulation – engorgement → lock/tie.
36

53
Q
A

A – vagina
B – vestibule
C – urethral tubercle (elevated)
D – clitoris
E – labia
F – VESTIBULAR BULB

53
Q

Name the muscle associated with the vestibular bulb

A

Vestibular bulb is surrounded by constrictor vestibuli m

54
Q

Name some potential problems associated with passage of endoscopy or artificial insemination

How do you avoid this?

A
  • The clitoral fossa
  • Angulation of the tract
  • Urethral tubercle
  • Fornix of vagina
  • Position and diameter of cervical canal
  • The presence of the dorsal median fold
    of The vagina (DMF) → narrowing

Guide the AI catheter along
the ceiling (dorsal aspect) of
the vestibule

55
Q

What is the purpose of vestibular glands and where are they located

A

In the floor of the vestibule.

Provide lubrication during coitus and
whelping or queening.
Produce pheromones

56
Q

Which species has minor vs major vestibular glands

A

Minor vestibular glands: in both bitches
and queens.

Major vestibular glands: queens only
(big ~.25in)

57
Q

What muscles are associated with the vulva and clin sig

A

The constrictor vulvae and constrictor vestibule
muscles encircle the vulva and vestibule

Involved in “lock/tie”
homologous with bulbospongiosus M. in male

58
Q

Descibe the vulva (labia structure and commisures)

A

Simple pair of labia
Dorsal commissure
Ventral commissure

59
Q

Where is the dorsal commissure located

A

Below pelvic symphysis

60
Q

What is located in the ventral commissure

A

Clitoris

61
Q

What is the clitoris homologous to in the male

A

Penis

Similar parts (but no urethra)
Crura + Body & Glans
Corpus cavernosum clitoridis,
Prepuce

62
Q

What is the fossa clitoridis (clitorial fossa) and clin sig

A

Depression on floor of vestibule

Don’t mistake fossa clitoridis for
the urethral opening during catheterization.

The clitoral fossa can obstruct
endoscopic instruments, or the
urethral catheter

63
Q

Where is the urethral opening in comparison to the fossa clitoridis

A

The urethral opening is located
more dorsally, and about 4 cm
cranial to the clitoral fossa

64
Q
A

10 Clitoris
2) Fossa clitoridis

Next Generation (8 decks)

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