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Next Generation > Inguinal Canal and Perineum > Flashcards

Inguinal Canal and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Name regions 5/6

A
  1. Pubic
  2. Inguinal
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2
Q

What is the inguinal ligament and where does it run

A

Caudal border of the external abdominal oblique, it gives origin to the internal abdominal oblique

Runs from tuber coxae to iliopubic eminence

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3
Q

What is the inguinal canal

A

POTENTIAL space between superficial and deep inguinal rings

present in both sexes

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4
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring and where is it located

A

slit opening i the aponeurosis of the EAO muscle

cr to inguinal lig lateral to recuts abdominis m

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5
Q

Name 4-9

A
  1. Iliopubic eminence
  2. External pudendal a
  3. Vaginal process containing spermatic cord
  4. Superficial inguinal ring
  5. Inguinal ligament
  6. Abdomen (EAO aponeurosis covering the rectus abdominis)
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6
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring

A

triangular space directly internal to the superficial ring & transmits the same structures. (so the canal hardly exist in the dog).

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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the deep inguinal ring

A

Caudally: inguinal lig
Cranially: ca border of IAO
medially: prepubic tendon and lateral border of rectus abdominis

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8
Q

Name the purple dotted triangle and 1, 2

A

purple = deep inguinal ring
1= inguinal lig
2 = superficialinguinal ring

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9
Q

What structures pass through the inguinal canal only in males

A

spermatic cord
cremaster muscle

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10
Q

What structures pass through ther inguinal canal in males and females

A
  1. Vaginal process (except in female cat)
  2. Ext. pudendal artery and vein
  3. Genitofemoral nerve
  4. Efferent lymphatics from the superficial
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11
Q

What structure passed only in females through the inguinal canal

A

round lig of uterus

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12
Q
A

1) inguinal lig
2) superficial inguinal ring
3) ext pudendal a and v and genitofemoral n
4) superficial inguinal lnn
5) spermatic cord

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13
Q

What animals do not have a vaginal process

A

female cats

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14
Q

What does the vaginal process form/enclose in males? in females?

A

Males: vaginal tunic (visceralis and parietalis) and ccloses spermatic cord

Female: encloses round lig of uterus

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15
Q

1-10

A

1) spermatic cord
2) cremaster m.
3) superficial inguinal ring
4) external pudendal vessels
5) superficial inguinal lymph node
6) testis
7) scrotum
8) ext. abdominal oblique
9) internal abdominal oblique
10) rectus abdominis

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16
Q

What is a direct vs indirect hernia

A

indirect = through inguinal ring
direct = through abdominal wall

17
Q

Inguinal hernias occur more in males or females

A

females

18
Q

What is this showing

A

Pelvic outlet
1, Dorsal sacroiliac lig.
2, Sacrum
3, First caudal vertebra
4, Sacrotuberous lig
5, Ischial tuberosity

19
Q

What is the perineal region

A

Caudal body surface between tail and vulva/scrotum and the immediately surrounding areas

surrounds pelvic outlet (terminal GIT and parts of repro tract)

20
Q

What is the perineal body? what embyronic structure forms this?

A

aggregate of fibrous and muscular tissue between the anus and the vulva or bulb of the penis

Urorectal septum

21
Q

What forms the pelvic diaphragm and what is its role?

A

Levator ani and coccygeus

Prevent pelvic viscera prolapse, prevent perianal hernia, helps terminating act of defecation

22
Q

Describe levator ani m shape

A

broad, thin and flat triangular shape

23
Q

Levator ani function

A

sling around rectum and depresses tail and compresses rectum (assist in defecation)

24
Q

coccygeys shaoe and location compared to levator ani

A

V shaped, shorter, stronger
lateral and cranial to levator ani

25
Q

coccygeus function

A

depress tail between rear limbs

26
Q
A
  1. coccygeus M.
  2. levator ani M.
  3. rectococcygeus M.
  4. external anal sphincter
  5. internal obturator M.
  6. ischiourethralis M.
  7. ischiocavernosus M.
  8. bulbospongiosus M.
  9. retractor penis M.
  10. ischium tuberosity
27
Q

What nerve supplies the external anal sphincter and clin sig

A

caudal rectal nerve
damage can cause fecal incontinenece

28
Q

ana sac vs anal gland

A

anal glands are microscopic and line the anal sacss

29
Q

Anal sac location

A

between ext and internal anal sphincters
at 4 and 8 o’clock

30
Q

What is the ischiorectal fossa and where is it located

A

pyramidal fat filled space on either side on anus
between root of tail and ischiatic tuber

31
Q

ischiorectal fossa species differences

A

prominent in ruminants (ischiatic muscles have no vertebral heads only ischiatic)

in horse and pig the fossa is covered by ischiatic vertebral heads

32
Q

ischiorectal fossa clin sig

A

where you place fingers/thumb when expressing anal sacs in cat/dog

Locate levator ani and coccygeus muscles by cleaing out the fat in the fossa

33
Q

What is this

A

ischiorectal fossa

Next Generation (8 decks)

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