Pelvic Vessels and Nerves

Question 1

name the three branches of the internal iliac arteries

Answer 1

umbilical a
caudal gluteal a
internal pudendal a

Question 2

What does the internal pudendal a supply

Answer 2

Most of the pelvic viscera (prostatic/vaginal aa, ventral perineal region/labia/scrotum, clitoris/penis

Question 3

Name the vessels in the female (1-10)

Answer 3

1. Internal iliac
2. Caudal gluteal
3. Internal pudendal
4. Ventral perineal
5. Caudal rectal
6. Artery o the clitoris
7. Umbilical
8. Vaginal
9. Uterine
   10.Caudal vesical

Question 4

Name the vessels of the male

Answer 4

1. Internal iliac
2. Caudal gluteal
3. Internal pudendal
4. Ventral perineal
5. Caudal rectal
6. Artery of the penis
7. Umbilical
8. Prostatic
9. Artery of the ductus deferens
   10.Caudal vesical

Question 5

Where is a common location for feline saddle thrombus

Answer 5

At termination of aorta (bifurcation) to block the external iliac arteries

Question 6

Name the three lymph centers that drain the pelvic cavity

Answer 6

Lumbar
Iliosacral
superficial inguinal

Question 7

What lymph nodes does the lumbar LC contain and where are they located

Answer 7

Lumbar aortic lnn along ar=orta and ca vena cava

Question 8

What lymph nodes does the iliosacral LC contain

Answer 8

Medial iliac lnn
Hypogastric lnn
sacral lnn (inconstant)

Question 9

Which lymph node is the main one responsible for draining the pelvic limbs/tail and pelvis viscera and wall

Answer 9

Medial iliac lnn

Question 10

Where does the medial ilaic lnn go (efferent pathway)

Answer 10

to lumbar trunks to cisterna chyli

Question 11

What is the hypogastric lnn also called

Answer 11

internal iliac lnn

Question 12

What does the hypogastric lnn drain

Answer 12

reproductive organs

Question 13

Which lymph nodes are absent in the cat

Answer 13

Hypogastric and sacral lnn

Question 14

How many superficial lnn are on each side and what is unique about them

Answer 14

2 on each side
Right and left communicate directly

Question 15

Name the gender specific terms for the superficial inguinal lc

Answer 15

male: scrotal lnn
female: mammary lnn

Question 16

What does the superficial inguinal lc drain

Answer 16

abdominal wall including regional mammary glands
pelvis, medial thigh, stifle, crus, popliteal ln

Question 17

Where doe the superficial inguinal go? (efferent pathway)

Answer 17

through inguinal canal to the medial iliac lnn

Question 18

Answer 18

1, Lumbar aortic lymph node;
1′, lumbar trunks;
2, medial iliac nodes;
3, hypogastric node;
4, thigh muscles;
5, popliteal nodes;

Question 19

Name 6-11

Answer 19

5, cisterna chyli
6, lumbar aortic lnn
7, renal lnn
8, medial iliac lnn
9, hypogastric lnn
10, sacral nodes
11, deep inguinal (iliofemoral) lnn nodes (inconstant)

Question 20

The pelvic nerve is: parasymp, symp, or somatic?

Answer 20

parasymp

Question 21

The hypogastric nerve is: parasymp, symp, or somatic?

Answer 21

Symp

Question 22

The pelvic plexus is: parasymp, symp, or somatic?

Answer 22

parasymp and symp

Question 23

Describe the path of symp innervation from spine to plevic plexis in the pelvis

Answer 23

L2-L4
Lumbar splanchnic nn
Caudal mesenteric ganglion
hypogastric n
pelvic plexus

Question 24

Where is the pelvic plexus located

Answer 24

Paired right and left on lateral surface of rectum

Question 25

Name the target organs of the pelvic plexus

Answer 25

last part of desc. colon - rectum and anal canal - prostate gland & penis - uterus, cervix, vagina and clitoris

Question 26

How do nerves in the pelvic plexus reach their target organs

Answer 26

Travel with blood vessels to target organs (run along vaginal/prostatic aa)

Question 27

Describe the path of parasymp innervation from spine to plevic plexis in the pelvis

Answer 27

S1-3 Pelvic n some fibers to caudal mesenteric ganglio, rest to pelvic plexus

Question 28

Where does vagus n innervation stop and pelvic nerve takes over

Answer 28

Vagus supplies up to the left coplic flexure then rest of descending colon is pelvic

Question 29

Describe action of symp innervation on bladder

Answer 29

STORE urine Detrusor M: Sympathetics relax (to fill), Internal Urethral Sphincter (IUS): Sympathetics contract

Question 30

Describe action of parasymp innervation on bladder

Answer 30

PEE Detrusor M: parasympathetics contract (to evacuate)

Question 31

Describe somatic innervation on the bladder

Answer 31

Contract external urethral sphincter

Question 32

Answer 32

1) Lumbar splanchnic nn 3. Sacral nn 4. Pelvic n 5. Pelvic ganglia & plexus 7. Caudal mesenteric ganglion 9. Left hypogastric n

Question 33

Name the branches of the pudendal nerve

Answer 33

caudal rectal n Perineal n (superficial perineal n, deep perineal n) dorsal n of penis

Question 34

Answer 34

1) pudendal n 2) caudal rectal n 3) superficial perineal n 4) deep perineal n 5) dorsal n of the penis muscles: A: coccygeus B: Levator ani C: external anal sphincter D: Bulbospongiosus

Question 35

What never type is pudendal and how is it formed

Answer 35

somatic sensory/motor Ventra; branches of all 3 sacral spinal nn

Question 36

What does the pudendal nerve supply inside the pelvic region

Answer 36

Ext sphincter of UB striated muscle wall of pelvic urethra

Question 37

What does the caudal rectal n supply and clin sig

Answer 37

Only supply to external anal sphincter muscle Do not cut in anal sac excision or perineal hernia repair because will cause fecal incontinence if blaterally damaged

Question 38

What does the superficial perineal n supply

Answer 38

Sensory to skin of perineum and scrotum Note: does NOT supply labia in females

Question 39

What does the deep perineal n supply

Answer 39

Motor to skeletal muscles of F/M repro tract and ext anal sphincter

Question 40

What does the dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris supply

Answer 40

Sensory to along dorsum of root, body, and glans of penis and prepuce Supplies homologous structures and labia in females

Question 41

What is the perineal reflex and what does it test

Answer 41

Light stimulation of perineum with forceps should bring sharp contraction of anal sphincter and flexion of tail Tests integrity of sacral and coccygeal spinal cord

Question 42

Where is the genitofemoral nerve located and clin sig

Answer 42

Ventral L3/L4 and courses retroperitoneally to leave abdomen through inguinal canal Found on lateral side of external iliac a

Question 43

Compare genitofemoral n in males vs females

Answer 43

Female: only GSA fibers (sensory only) Male: GSA and GSE GSA:

Question 44

Genitofemoral nerve clin sig and function

Answer 44

plays a role in descent of testes and important in cows as it supplies the udder GSA fibers: sensory of parts of external genitali and medial thigh GSE: motor to cremaster m in male dog (note: cremaster m is not under voluntary control and no cremaster m in cat)