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stalin (1941-1953) Flashcards

the reign of joseph stalin: 1941-1953.

1
Q

When was the blitzkreig Operation Barbossa launched.

A

22nd June 1941.

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2
Q

Who made the public announcements about the war.

A

Molotov.

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3
Q

Molotov’s quote in his announcement of war.

A

“Our cause is just, the enemy will be smashed, victory will be ours.”

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4
Q

What organisation was established at the end of June 1941.

A

Stavka, Supreme Military Command.

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5
Q

When did Stalin assume overall military command.

A

23rd July 1941.

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6
Q

What did Stalin appeal to in war speeches.

A

Cultural patriotism, not socialist patriotism.

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7
Q

Zhukov’s successes.

A
  • Defending Moscow, 1941.
  • Leading troops to Berlin, 1945.
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8
Q

What did national minorities in Estonia, Lithuania, Ukraine, etc act in.

A

Hilfswillige.

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9
Q

What did the Russian Liberation Movement in Ukraine do.

A

Became a division in the Waffen-SS with up to 50,000 troops.

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10
Q

When was the order 227 issued and what was it.

A

1942, the ‘Not One Step Back’ policy.

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11
Q

How many deaths were caused by Order 227.

A

150,000 soldiers.

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12
Q

What were Blocking Units.

A

Units of troops at the back of troop marches who killed any deserters or retreaters.

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13
Q

What did Stalin start in 1941 in relevance to ethnic minorities.

A
  • Dissolved the Volga German Autonomous repblic, sending members to the East.
  • Deported ‘suspect’ minorities.
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14
Q

How many minorities forced to uproot and how many died on journies to Siberia.

A
  • 1.5 million.
  • 2/3rd died en route.
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15
Q

What did Stalin enstate in government.

A
  • Badges of rank.
  • Political education for troops.
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16
Q

How many new Party members over the war.

A

3.6 million.

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17
Q

How many of the armed forces also Party members or in the Komosol by 1945.

A
  • Quarter.
  • 20%.
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18
Q

What did Stalin declare in 1945.

A

The resilience of the socialist system.

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19
Q

How much of the coal, iron, railway and arable land did German occupied land contain by the end of 1941.

A
  • 63%.
  • 68%.
  • 45%.
  • 41%.
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20
Q

Scorched Earth policy.

A

Destroying land, water source, livestock and structure whilst retreating to prevent enemy forces from having increased product.

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21
Q

How many factories moved to behind the Urals.

A

Over 1500.

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22
Q

Role of the Peoples Commissars.

A

Worked to oversee production in war-time factories and ensure quotas were filled.

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23
Q

What was the military budget by 1942.

A

57%.

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24
Q

How much of manufacture was munitions by the end of 1942.

A

76%.

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25
Q

Why when was Russian output and weapon quality exceeding the Germans.

A

Mid 1943.

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26
Q

What was the grain harvest in 1942.

A

Half of that in 1940.

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27
Q

How many tonnes of military equiptment and food did the UK and USA provide alltogether.

A
  • 17.5 millions.
  • 5 million.
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28
Q

How many volunteer recruits in Moscow after the invasion was announced.

A

120,000.

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29
Q

What did the 1941 law mean.

A
  • Mobilised all undrafted men and women over 16 and encouraged pensioners to return to work.
  • Overtime was compulosry.
  • Holidays suspended.
  • Working day made 12 hours.
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30
Q

What happened to the family of a captured war person.

A

Ration cards confiscated.

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31
Q

How many died from starvation.

A

25 million.

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32
Q

What was the death rate in gulags during 1942.

A

25%.

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33
Q

What were gulags used for.

A

Production of airports, roads and war supplies.

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34
Q

What did propaganda label the enemies.

A

Godless invaders and child killers.

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35
Q

Pravda quotation.

A

“We must not say Good morning or Goodnight. In the morning we must say ‘kill the Germans’ and in the night we must say ‘kill the Germans.”

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36
Q

When was the Internationale replaced.

A

1943.

37
Q

Who was Anna Akmatova.

A

Poet broadcasting patriotic verse on the radio.

38
Q

What did released clergymen have to do.

A

Swear an oath of loyalty to the Soviet state.

39
Q

What were all Churches put under the control of.

A

The Orthodox Church.

40
Q

What controls were put in in 1944 to combat population decrease.

A
  • Families with less than two children taxed.
  • Divorces were restricted.
  • Abortion was forbidden.
41
Q

What were women with over two children publicised as.

A

‘Heroines of the Soviet Union.’

42
Q

How much of the Soviet workforce was female.

A

Over half.

43
Q

How many in the armed forces were women.

A

Over half a million.

44
Q

What happened to womens pay rates between 1930 and 1945.

A

Fell.

45
Q

Partisan groups.

A

Soviet citizens left in occupied territory who used guerilla tactics to combat and sabotage the enemy.

46
Q

How many partisans by 1943.

A

300,000.

47
Q

What group was wiped out for supporting the German Army.

A

The Cossacks.

48
Q

Filtration camps.

A

Camps used to interrogate servicemen returning from abroad.

49
Q

What had the Union gained from the war.

A

‘Satalite states’ in Eastern European countries.

50
Q

How many civilians died in the war.

A

19 million.

51
Q

How many soldiers killed in the war.

A

9 millions.

52
Q

How many towns and villages in the war.

A
  • 1200.
  • 70,000.
53
Q

How many hospitals destroyed in the war.

A

40,000.

54
Q

What happened to Party Membership during the war.

A

Became lax and unreliable.

55
Q

How did Stalin treat military in 1945.

A
  • Dissolved the State Defence Committe.
  • Military hierchy downgraded.
  • Stalin became Minister of Defence.
  • General Zhukov and others lost Party membership.
56
Q

Who replaced Malenkov.

A

Zhdanov.

57
Q

When was Zhdanov demoted and why.

A

1948, over the Berlin Blockade.

58
Q

When was Party Congress not held.

A

1939-1952.

59
Q

How many times was Central Committee held between 1939-1952.

A

6.

60
Q

What was Politburo’s role made.

A

Advisory.

61
Q

Who made official decisions.

A

Stalin and his ‘inner circle’.

62
Q

How many Party members by 1952.

A

7 million.

63
Q

How many Komosol members by 1952.

A

16 million.

64
Q

When was The Zhdanovschina launched.

A

1946.

65
Q

Ideological contammination.

A

Stalin’s main fear following the war of Western, liberal ideas making their way into the USSR.

66
Q

What did Zhdanovschina begin with.

A

Purge of two literary journal authors, expelled from the Union of Soviet Writers.

67
Q

What did artistic professionals have to do if their work failed to meet the socialist realism requirements.

A
  • Income curtailing.
  • Had to publically denounce their ‘errors’.
68
Q

Why were Dostoevsky’s works banned.

A

Removed as characters did not exhibit Soviet characteristics.

69
Q

What were studies of sciences ruled by.

A

Marxist principles.

70
Q

When did Stalin publish his paper of economic theory.

A

1952.

71
Q

What did the USSR leave out of publication of the Nazi atrocities.

A

Crimes against Jews.

72
Q

How many wartime survivors were sent to gulags.

A

12 million.

73
Q

What did the law passed in 1947 mean.

A

Outlawed hotels and marriage to foreigners.

74
Q

What two ministeries were made under the NKVD.

A

MVD and MGB.

75
Q

When and what was the Leningrad Party Attack.

A

In 1949 when Stain used false evidence to arrest and execute members of the Leningrad Party for being too independant.

76
Q

Why were Stalins anti-sematic views revived.

A
  • Isreal came out as pro-USA.
  • The Isreali ambassador came to the USSR and was met with applause.
77
Q

When and how was the Jewish theatre director killed.

A

1948 in a car accident by the MVD.

78
Q

When were the Jewish wives of Politburo sent to gulags.

A

1949.

79
Q

What were the Jews called in propaganda.

A

‘Anti-patrotic’.

80
Q

When was the Mingrelian purge launched and against who.

A

In 1951 in Georgia against supporters of Beria.

81
Q

What did Timashuk write to Stalin and about what.

A

In 1948 about 9 doctors failing to professionally treat Zhdanov.

82
Q

When did Stalin begin the Doctors Plot.

A

1952.

83
Q

What did Stalin threaten the Minister of State Security with if he didn’t obtain confessions of doctors being involved in Zionist conspiracies.

A

Execution.

84
Q

What did the press do in relevance to the Doctors Plot.

A
  • Make people fear hospitals.
  • Make people shun Jewish professionals.
85
Q

When was Stalins first stroke.

A

1949.

86
Q

What did a 1948 biography of Stalin call him.

A

The modern Lenin and leading Marxist theoretician.

87
Q

Why was Stalin rejected from request to be relieved from position of Party Secretary.

A

Delegates were concerned and confused about his intentions.

88
Q

What were Kruschev’s announcements for government changes.

A
  • Abolition of the Orgburo.
  • Replacement of the Orgburo with the Presidium.
89
Q

When did Stalin die.

A

March 1953.

russian history (6 decks)

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