stalin (1924-1941) Flashcards
reign of stalin: 1924-1941.
When was the Triumvirate and what was it.
1922, as an allience between Zinoviev, Stalin Kamenev to block Trotsky.
When did Lenin die.
1924.
How does Stalin handle Lenin’s funeral.
Gives Trotsky the wrong date so that he himself can carry the casket and deliver the speech.
Lenin’s testament.
1924 letter giving the pros and cons of each possible next leader.
How was Stalin depicted in Lenin’s testament.
Too rough, difficult with people, rude and in possession of too much power.
When is Trotsky forced from position of Commissar of War.
1925.
When are Trotsky’s speeches in Congress blocked by Stalinist blocs.
1924.
When are Zinoviev and Trotsky expelled from the Communist Party, with what reasoning.
1926 with accusation of factionalism.
When is Kamenev removed from the Politburo, with what reasoning.
1926 with accusation of factionalism.
When is Trotsky deported.
1928.
When is Bukharin removed as editor of Pravda and the Politburo.
1929.
Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev’s ideological stance.
Left leaning, advocating abandonment of the NEP.
Bukharin’s ideological position.
Supported continuence of the NEP.
Stalins ideological stance during his rise to power.
Fluctuated in order to block the biggest potential threat.
When was Congress not being called.
1939-1952.
Apparat.
Controlled appointments to the nomenklatura.
Who controlled appointments to the apparatus.
Stalin.
‘Lenin’s enrolement’.
Mass push for membership between 1924-1925, where it doubled to nearly one million.
The New 1936 Constitution.
- Claimed the USSR to be a federation of 11 Soviets.
- All-Russian Congress of Soviets replaced with the Supreme Soviet.
- Autonomy to ethnic groups.
- Promise for a vote every four years.
- Freedom from arbitrary arrest.
- Right to free speech.
Who wrote the New 1936 Constitution.
Bukharin.
What did Stalin call the New 1936 Constitution.
- “The most democratic in the world”, Stalin.
When did leaders in Georgia plan secession and what was the result.
1951, and they were purged.
How often did The Supreme Soviet meet.
Twice a year.
When did Stalin begin his cult of personality.
1929.
When was ‘The History of the All-Union Communist Party’ published and what did it portray.
1938, portraying Stalin as having a major role in the October Revolution, and demaonized Trotsky and other old Bolsheviks.
When was the first Five Year Plan.
1928-1932.
Main aims of the first Five Year Plan.
- Increase production by 300%.
- Develop heavy industry.
- Increase electrisity output by 600%.
- Double light industry output.
Results of the first Five Year Plan.
- Stalin claimed aims were met in four years, but due to incorrect reporting.
- Electrisity output trebled.
- Coal and Iron output doubled.
- Steel production increased by 1/3.
- New railways, engineering plants and power schemes began.
When was the second Five Year Plan.
1933-1937.
Aims of the second Five Year Plan.
- Develop heavy industry.
- Emphasis on light industry.
- Develop communications.
- Boost engineering.
Results of the second Five Year Plan.
- 1934-36 were named the ‘three good years’.
- Moscow Metro opened.
- Electrisity and chemical industries grew.
- New materials were being mined.
- Steel output trebled.
- Coal production doubled.
- Soviet Union became self sufficient in metal goods and machine tools.
- In 1936, emphasis was moved onto rearmament.
- Oil production did not meet targets.
When was the Third Five Year plan.
1938-1940.
Aims of the third Five Year Plan.
- Focus on heavy industry and rearmament.
- Complete transition to communism.
Results of the third Five Year Plan.
- Spending on rearmament doubled between 1938-1940.
- Resources were concentrated in military-related industries.
- Consumer goods was neglected.
- Lack of specialists and managers, so inefficient industries.
- Plan cut early.
When was the German invasion.
1941.
Stalins ‘Great Turn’.
Movement towards more collective farming.
When was Stage 1 of Stalins Collectivisation.
1929-1930.
What was Stage 1 of Collectivisation.
- Dekulakisation.
- Kolkhoz collectives began.
- 25% of farms meant to be collectivised.
- Collectivisation was resisted.
- Voluntary collectivisation permitted.
Results of dekulakisation.
- 15% of peasant households destroyed.
- 150,000 peasants forcibly emigrated.
- loss of 10 million succsessful farmers.
How much farm land had been collectivised through force.
58%.