lenin (1917-1924) Flashcards
reign of lenin: 1971-1924.
When and how was Lenin’s exile terminated.
In 1917, when the German government smuggled him over the border.
Lenin’s first speech back in Petrograd.
‘April Thesis’.
Bolshevik slogans.
‘All power to the Soviets” and “peace, land and bread.”
‘July days’.
Protest against the Provisional Government.
Kornilov Coup.
When arrested Bolshevik protested in defence of the Provisional Government, with arms supplied by Kerensky.
The Red Guard.
Bolshevk militia.
Bolshevik membership by 1917.
200,000.
When did Bolsheviks win majority in the Petrograd Soviet.
1917.
Who was resistant to Lenin’s advocation of seizure of power.
Zinoviev and Kamenev.
When is Lenin’s call for Bolshevik-led revolution agreed by the Central Committee.
10th October 1917.
What happens in the 24th-25th of October 1917.
Buildings and communication points taken over, then surround and shoot the Winter Palace.
What happens in the 25th-27th of October 1917.
Members of the Provisional Government are arrested, then the Congress of Soviets appoint Lenin as Chairman.
Defence at the Winter Palace.
Womens Battalion and army cadets.
October 1917 decrees.
- Decree on peace.
- Decree on land.
November 1917 decrees.
- Decree on workers control.
- Nationality decree.
- Decree against sex discrimmination.
December 1917 decrees.
- Military decree.
- Decrees on the Church.
- Nationalisation of banks.
State bank response to Bolshevik government.
Took them ten days to hand over reserves, only doing so under threat of armed force.
Kerensky response to Bolshevik governments.
Led an army of cossacks for ten days of combat in Moscow.
Results of November 1917 elections for the Constituent Assembly.
Social Revolutionaries won, but after its first meeting Lenin dissolved it with the claim of it as a remanent bourgeoise democracy.
What encouraged the left-wing socialists, Mensheviks and SRs to leave the Sovnarkom.
Signing of the Brest-Litovsk.
Brest-Litovsk (1918).
- Some of the Baltic States went to Germany.
- 1/6 of Russian population lost.
- 74% of iron and coal supply lost.
Ideological divide on foreign communism.
Lenin and Trotsky believed in pursuing Marxist revolution in other countries, mainly Germany; whilst Bukharin and his ‘revolutionary war group’ was in favour of inner unity and strength.
Trotsky and Lenin disagreement over WW1.
Trotsky believed they should retreat from war but not agree to peace negotiations; Lenin wanted to retreat from war and accept treaty terms.
How did Lenin win over WW1 disagreements.
Threatening to resign multiple times during the debate, until the government agreed to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
When was the Cheka formed.
1917.
When was the Civil War.
1918-1920.
When was the Georgian plea for independence.
1922.
The 1918 Constitution.
- Supreme power of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, comprised of elected deputies from local soviets.
- The Central Executive Committee of the Congress as the supreme organ of power.
Drawbacks of The 1918 Constitution.
- Bourgeoises could not vote.
- Workers vote was heavier than the peasants.
- The sovnarkom was selected by the Bolshevik Party’s Central Committee.
Who funded the anti-Bolshevik volunteer army.
Germany.
What had the Civil War become by 1921.
A nationalist struggle against the Polish who had invaded Ukraine.
How did the Civil War end.
The Treaty of Riga, granting Poland self-determination.
When was the Politburo formed and for what purpose.
1919, to determine party policy in place of the sovnarkom.
When did Lenin ban factionalism.
1921.
When was General Secretary introduced and who filled the position.
1922, filled by Stalin.
When was the nomenklatura introduced for what purpose.
1923, to ensure the loyalty and trustworthiness of all party members.
When did Georgia demand for greater independance.
1922.
When was the Constitution changed and how.
1922, founding the Union of Soviet Socialist Republicans and allowing Lenin the control over Russian republicans.
Result of the early decrees.
Factories had little production, as workers had no managerial experience, would give themselves pay rises and steal stock.
What were Petrograd citizens living on by 1918.
50 grams of bread a day.
When was food requisitioning began.
1918.
Terms of the food-supply policy in 1918.
Detattched soldiers and workers from towns into countryside to ensure grain quotas were met.
When were most industries nationalised by, with an example of a nationalised company.
1920, Putilov Iron works.
When was War Communism.
1918-1921.
War communism policies.
- Working hours increased.
- Ration-cards replaced wages.
- Internal passports were introduced.
- Private trade and manufcture was forbidden.
Results of war communism by 1921.
- Industrial output fallen to 20% of pre-war levels.
- Food rationing cut.
- 3 million deaths in 1920.
- Livestock was eaten by peasants.
- Cases of cannibalism in countryside.
What and when was the Tambov revolt.
Peasant revolt in the Tambov province between 1920-1922 with over 100,000 Red Army troops deployed.
When was martial law passed.
1921.
What was martial law.
Suspending civil liberties and using the military as regular law enforcers.
The Kronstadt naval base revolt.
1921 revolt of 30,000 sailors in the naval base and sending of a letter demanding ending of one-party rule.
The ‘Workers opposition’ group.
Group set up by Kollontai advocating more worker control, removal of managers and removal of military discipline in factories.
Gosplan.
Formed by a 1921 Sovnarkim decree to advise on the New Economic Policy.
When was the New Economic Policy announced.
1921.
Policies of the NEP.
- Allowed for private ownership of smaller buisnesses.
- Permitted private trade.
Benefits of the NEP.
- Food requisitioning ended.
- Rationing ended.
- Workers paid with profits.
- Peasants could sell surplus of grain.
Scissor Crisis.
The 1923 crisis, when peasants were producing more grain than urban workers were producing goods and so hoarding grain.
How was the scissor crisis mended.
Cap put on industrial prices and replaced peasant quotas with money taxes, forcing peasants to sell.
What was the economic state by 1926.
1913 levels were reached, protesting ended, new class of NEPmen arose and the kulak class reemerged.
Decrees relating to women.
- 1917, outlawing sex discrimmination.
- 1917, women could own property.
- Divorce was made cheaper and easier.
- 1920, abortion was legalised.
- Contraception was made free.
Commissariat of the Enlightenment.
Provided free education in co-educational schools, combining general education with physical work and most textbooks and exams were abolished.
When was the komosol started.
From 1918, but named so in 1926.
Decrees relating to Muslims.
1920 decree confiscating Muslim property and abolishing Sharia courts.
When was teaching of religion forbidden and monstaries made state owned.
1921.
When did Finland become an independant state.
1917.
When was an elected parliment set up in Ukraine.
1917.
When were anti-semitic laws abolished.
1917.
What was the 20s known as in reference of media and art.
The Silver Age.
When was the Red Terror.
1918-1921.
How many suspected deaths as a result of the Red Terror.
500,000, not including those who died in gulags.
