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russian history > lenin (1917-1924) > Flashcards

lenin (1917-1924) Flashcards

reign of lenin: 1971-1924.

1
Q

When and how was Lenin’s exile terminated.

A

In 1917, when the German government smuggled him over the border.

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2
Q

Lenin’s first speech back in Petrograd.

A

‘April Thesis’.

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3
Q

Bolshevik slogans.

A

‘All power to the Soviets” and “peace, land and bread.”

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4
Q

‘July days’.

A

Protest against the Provisional Government.

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5
Q

Kornilov Coup.

A

When arrested Bolshevik protested in defence of the Provisional Government, with arms supplied by Kerensky.

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6
Q

The Red Guard.

A

Bolshevk militia.

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7
Q

Bolshevik membership by 1917.

A

200,000.

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8
Q

When did Bolsheviks win majority in the Petrograd Soviet.

A

1917.

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9
Q

Who was resistant to Lenin’s advocation of seizure of power.

A

Zinoviev and Kamenev.

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10
Q

When is Lenin’s call for Bolshevik-led revolution agreed by the Central Committee.

A

10th October 1917.

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11
Q

What happens in the 24th-25th of October 1917.

A

Buildings and communication points taken over, then surround and shoot the Winter Palace.

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12
Q

What happens in the 25th-27th of October 1917.

A

Members of the Provisional Government are arrested, then the Congress of Soviets appoint Lenin as Chairman.

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13
Q

Defence at the Winter Palace.

A

Womens Battalion and army cadets.

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14
Q

October 1917 decrees.

A
  • Decree on peace.
  • Decree on land.
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15
Q

November 1917 decrees.

A
  • Decree on workers control.
  • Nationality decree.
  • Decree against sex discrimmination.
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16
Q

December 1917 decrees.

A
  • Military decree.
  • Decrees on the Church.
  • Nationalisation of banks.
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17
Q

State bank response to Bolshevik government.

A

Took them ten days to hand over reserves, only doing so under threat of armed force.

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18
Q

Kerensky response to Bolshevik governments.

A

Led an army of cossacks for ten days of combat in Moscow.

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19
Q

Results of November 1917 elections for the Constituent Assembly.

A

Social Revolutionaries won, but after its first meeting Lenin dissolved it with the claim of it as a remanent bourgeoise democracy.

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20
Q

What encouraged the left-wing socialists, Mensheviks and SRs to leave the Sovnarkom.

A

Signing of the Brest-Litovsk.

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21
Q

Brest-Litovsk (1918).

A
  • Some of the Baltic States went to Germany.
  • 1/6 of Russian population lost.
  • 74% of iron and coal supply lost.
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22
Q

Ideological divide on foreign communism.

A

Lenin and Trotsky believed in pursuing Marxist revolution in other countries, mainly Germany; whilst Bukharin and his ‘revolutionary war group’ was in favour of inner unity and strength.

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23
Q

Trotsky and Lenin disagreement over WW1.

A

Trotsky believed they should retreat from war but not agree to peace negotiations; Lenin wanted to retreat from war and accept treaty terms.

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24
Q

How did Lenin win over WW1 disagreements.

A

Threatening to resign multiple times during the debate, until the government agreed to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

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25
Q

When was the Cheka formed.

A

1917.

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26
Q

When was the Civil War.

A

1918-1920.

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27
Q

When was the Georgian plea for independence.

A

1922.

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28
Q

The 1918 Constitution.

A
  • Supreme power of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, comprised of elected deputies from local soviets.
  • The Central Executive Committee of the Congress as the supreme organ of power.
29
Q

Drawbacks of The 1918 Constitution.

A
  • Bourgeoises could not vote.
  • Workers vote was heavier than the peasants.
  • The sovnarkom was selected by the Bolshevik Party’s Central Committee.
30
Q

Who funded the anti-Bolshevik volunteer army.

A

Germany.

31
Q

What had the Civil War become by 1921.

A

A nationalist struggle against the Polish who had invaded Ukraine.

32
Q

How did the Civil War end.

A

The Treaty of Riga, granting Poland self-determination.

33
Q

When was the Politburo formed and for what purpose.

A

1919, to determine party policy in place of the sovnarkom.

34
Q

When did Lenin ban factionalism.

A

1921.

35
Q

When was General Secretary introduced and who filled the position.

A

1922, filled by Stalin.

36
Q

When was the nomenklatura introduced for what purpose.

A

1923, to ensure the loyalty and trustworthiness of all party members.

37
Q

When did Georgia demand for greater independance.

A

1922.

38
Q

When was the Constitution changed and how.

A

1922, founding the Union of Soviet Socialist Republicans and allowing Lenin the control over Russian republicans.

39
Q

Result of the early decrees.

A

Factories had little production, as workers had no managerial experience, would give themselves pay rises and steal stock.

40
Q

What were Petrograd citizens living on by 1918.

A

50 grams of bread a day.

41
Q

When was food requisitioning began.

A

1918.

42
Q

Terms of the food-supply policy in 1918.

A

Detattched soldiers and workers from towns into countryside to ensure grain quotas were met.

43
Q

When were most industries nationalised by, with an example of a nationalised company.

A

1920, Putilov Iron works.

44
Q

When was War Communism.

A

1918-1921.

45
Q

War communism policies.

A
  • Working hours increased.
  • Ration-cards replaced wages.
  • Internal passports were introduced.
  • Private trade and manufcture was forbidden.
46
Q

Results of war communism by 1921.

A
  • Industrial output fallen to 20% of pre-war levels.
  • Food rationing cut.
  • 3 million deaths in 1920.
  • Livestock was eaten by peasants.
  • Cases of cannibalism in countryside.
47
Q

What and when was the Tambov revolt.

A

Peasant revolt in the Tambov province between 1920-1922 with over 100,000 Red Army troops deployed.

48
Q

When was martial law passed.

A

1921.

49
Q

What was martial law.

A

Suspending civil liberties and using the military as regular law enforcers.

50
Q

The Kronstadt naval base revolt.

A

1921 revolt of 30,000 sailors in the naval base and sending of a letter demanding ending of one-party rule.

51
Q

The ‘Workers opposition’ group.

A

Group set up by Kollontai advocating more worker control, removal of managers and removal of military discipline in factories.

52
Q

Gosplan.

A

Formed by a 1921 Sovnarkim decree to advise on the New Economic Policy.

53
Q

When was the New Economic Policy announced.

A

1921.

54
Q

Policies of the NEP.

A
  • Allowed for private ownership of smaller buisnesses.
  • Permitted private trade.
55
Q

Benefits of the NEP.

A
  • Food requisitioning ended.
  • Rationing ended.
  • Workers paid with profits.
  • Peasants could sell surplus of grain.
56
Q

Scissor Crisis.

A

The 1923 crisis, when peasants were producing more grain than urban workers were producing goods and so hoarding grain.

57
Q

How was the scissor crisis mended.

A

Cap put on industrial prices and replaced peasant quotas with money taxes, forcing peasants to sell.

58
Q

What was the economic state by 1926.

A

1913 levels were reached, protesting ended, new class of NEPmen arose and the kulak class reemerged.

59
Q

Decrees relating to women.

A
  • 1917, outlawing sex discrimmination.
  • 1917, women could own property.
  • Divorce was made cheaper and easier.
  • 1920, abortion was legalised.
  • Contraception was made free.
60
Q

Commissariat of the Enlightenment.

A

Provided free education in co-educational schools, combining general education with physical work and most textbooks and exams were abolished.

61
Q

When was the komosol started.

A

From 1918, but named so in 1926.

62
Q

Decrees relating to Muslims.

A

1920 decree confiscating Muslim property and abolishing Sharia courts.

63
Q

When was teaching of religion forbidden and monstaries made state owned.

A

1921.

64
Q

When did Finland become an independant state.

A

1917.

65
Q

When was an elected parliment set up in Ukraine.

A

1917.

66
Q

When were anti-semitic laws abolished.

A

1917.

67
Q

What was the 20s known as in reference of media and art.

A

The Silver Age.

68
Q

When was the Red Terror.

A

1918-1921.

69
Q

How many suspected deaths as a result of the Red Terror.

A

500,000, not including those who died in gulags.

russian history (6 decks)

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