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Microbiology & Immunology > Stains, packet #4 > Flashcards

Stains, packet #4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When staining Gram + with Crystal Violet what color does it retain?

A

Purple.

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2
Q

At what stage in Gram - does the bacteria retain the pink dye?

A

the Safranin step.

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3
Q

What are the four steps in Gram staining?

A
  1. Crystal violet
  2. Gram’s iodine
  3. Acetone/ Alcohol
  4. Safranin
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4
Q

Which step is the decolorizing step in Gram staining?

A

Acetone/Alcohol

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5
Q

If you forgot to add the counterstain to the mixed culture sample at the end of the staining procedure, gram-negative cells would appear __________ and gram-positive cells would appear __________.

A

Colorless; Purple.

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6
Q

Are spore formers Gram negative or Gram positive?

A

Gram +

Clostridium & Bacillus

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7
Q

All cocci are Gram positive except for?

A

Neisseria and Moraxella

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8
Q

What is the Ziehl-Neelsen Stain used for?

A

Acid fast organisms

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9
Q

What does Acid fast mean?

A

Acid fast is a physical property of certain bacteria (and, less commonly, protozoa), specifically their resistance to decolorization by acids during staining procedures.

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10
Q

What reagents are used for Acid fast staining?

A

Carbol Fuchsin

Acid Alcohol

Methylene Blue

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11
Q

For acid fast what color does the organism retain with all reagents?

A

Red

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12
Q

For non acid fast what color does the organism retain with: Carbol Fuchsin?

A

Red

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13
Q

For non acid fast what color does the organism retain with: Acid Alcohol?

A

Colorless

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14
Q

When non acid fast retains a Blue color what reagent is being used?

A

Methylene Blue

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15
Q

Do bacteria have a nucleus?

A

No

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16
Q

What internal structures do Gram positive and Gram negative both have?

A

Nucleiod region

Plasmids

Mesosomes (though primarily Gram +)

Ribosomes

Granules

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17
Q

What internal structure is exclusive to Gram + bacteria?

A

Endospores

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18
Q

What in the function of endospores?

A

Resistance to heat, chemical and dehydration.

They are used for survival only!

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19
Q

What is bacteriocin production and where is it produced?

A

Bacteriocin- is how bacteria are harmful to one another.

It is produced in the plasmids

20
Q

What chemical composition is in the nucleiod region?

A

DNA
RNA
Proteins

21
Q

Which bacterial structure is involved in protein synthesis?

A

Ribosomes

22
Q

What are granules made of and what is their function?

A

Made of glycogen, lipids, polyphosphate

They store food, and reduce osmotic pressure

23
Q

What structure is involved in Cell division and secretion

A

Mesosomes

24
Q

What are plasmids composed of?

A

DNA

25
Q

How do bacteria grow?

A

By binary fission

26
Q

During lag time is there an increase in number of bacterial cells?

A

NO

27
Q

During what phase is there rapid exponential growth?

A

Log phase

28
Q

What is the generation time?

A

The time it takes for one cell to divide into two.

29
Q

When is generation time determined?

A

During log phase

30
Q

When the nutrients are used up and toxic products like acids and alkalis begins to form, what phase is that?

A

The stationary phase

31
Q

What is the death phase?

A

The excretory phase (1. used up all nutrients, 2. living in waste)

32
Q

What is a selective medium?

A

A medium that selects for certain bacteria by inclusion of special nutrients and/or antibiotics.

33
Q

What is a differential medium?

A

A medium in which different bacteria can be distinguished by differences in colonial morphology or color.

34
Q

What mediums are used for Corynebacterium?

A
  1. Lofflers coagulated serum medium (s)

2. Tellurite agar (d)

35
Q

Enteric bacteria is cultured in what two mediums?

A
  1. Eosin methylene blue (d)

2. Mac Conkey’s (d)

36
Q

Hektoen enteric agar (d) is used for what organisms?

A

Intestinal pathogens

37
Q

Legionella is cultured in what medium?

A

CYE (Charcoal-yeast extract agar) (s)

38
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen medium (s) is used to culture what organism?

A

Mycobacterium

39
Q

When is chocolate agar used for Neisseria?

A

from normally sterile sites

40
Q

Chocolate agar is used for what 2 organisms?

A

Neisseria (from normally sterile sites)

Haemophilus

41
Q

Neisseria form sites with normal flora is cultured in?

A

Thayer Martin selective medium (s)

42
Q

What is the Thayer Martin medium supplemented with?

A

vancomysin, nystatin and colistin to inhibit normal flora

43
Q

Vibrio cholera is cultured in?

A

Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose (TCBS) (s)

44
Q

Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma are cultured in?

A

Cholesterol, purines and pyrimidines

45
Q

Francisella, Brucella, Legionella and Pasteurella grow in ?

A

Cysteine

46
Q

Factors X ( protoporphyrin) and V (NAD) growth requirements are with?

A

Haemophilus ( influenza and aegypticus)

Microbiology & Immunology (13 decks)

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