Actinomyces packet Flashcards
What are some characteristics of mycetoma-granules?
A.drainage
B.swelling & redness
C.sulfur granules
What are the causes of mycetoma ?
Bacteria, but mainly due to SOIL molds
What is acid-fast?
Physical property of bacteria, specifically their resistance to decolonization by acids during staining procedures
Which bacteria is PARTIALLY acid fast, aerobic, and have gram positive filaments breaking up into rods?
Nocadia
Where are Nocadia bacteria found?
In the soil
How is Nocadia acquired?
Airborne-inhalation of the bacteria or TRAUMATIC IMPLANTATION
What may predispose a pulmonary infection, Nocadia?
Immunosuppression & cancer
What tests are used to dx Nocadia?
Gram-stained smear & Ziehl-Neelsen stain, aerobic culture on blood agar plate
What meds are used to treat Nocadia?
Sulfonamides in high doses or Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
What is a type of cavitary bronchopulmonary disease?
TB
What are 2 types of Nocadia diseases?
Cavitary bronchopulmonary disease & cutaneous/subcutaneous infections
Which disease caused by Nocadia is a result of traumatic implantation?
Cutaneous/subcutaneous infections
Which Nocadia disease causes a brain abscess?
Cavitary bronchopulmonary disease
Which bacteria is anaerobic, gram positive rods to branching filaments, non acid fast?
Actinomyces
What is actinomyces reservoir?
Anaerobic crevices around the teeth and female genital tract
How is actinomyces transmitted?
Endogenous normal flora
How should you treat actinomyces?
Ampicillin or PCN G & surgical drainage of pus
If mycetoma is in the mouth, what can it cause?
Lumpy jaw
What is the pathogenesis if actinomysis?
Anaerobic growth
What is the lab dx for actinomyces?
Anaerobic culture in blood agar plate.
“SULFUR GRANULES” often visible in pus
Gram stain & acid-fast stain
(Gram positive and not acid fast)
Disease of actinomyces
CNS solitary brain abscess most common
Abdominal: surgery or bowel trauma
Thoracic: aspiration w/ contiguous spread
Pelvic: from thoracic or sometimes IUD’s
Cervicofacial (lumpy jaw): dental trauma it poor hygiene
