Hematology sheet and notes taken during that lecture Flashcards
1
Q
- The pluripotent stem cell divides into?
A
myeloid stem cell and lymphoid stem cell
2
Q
- What are the 6 major forms of the myeloid family?…..
A
BENT ME – basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil, throbocytes, monocyte, erythrocyte.
3
Q
- What are 2 end products of the lymphoid stem cell? Of which is plasma cells originating form?…
A
2 end products are B and T cells and from the B cell plasma cells originate which are antibodies.
4
Q
- What color does eosinophil stain? And the release of eosinophils is due to what?
A
….eosinophils stain pink and are released in response to an allergic rxn.
5
Q
- What do basophils -> mast cells release?…
A
histamine which increases the inflammatory response and stimulates mucus producion
6
Q
- What is polycythemia vera (PV)?
A
highly elevated RBC count. It is uncurable and to maintain it, may draw blood.
7
Q
Where are EPO produced?…
A
kidneys
8
Q
- How many people die of malaria each year?
A
2 million per year
9
Q
- What is found between epithelial tissue that allow specified substances to pass through?…
A
tight junctions
10
Q
- The darker you are, the more ________ you have?
A
melanocytes
11
Q
- Saliva has the amylase ptyalin? true or false
A
true
12
Q
- pH of vagina is ____ and has enzymes that break things down
A
acidic
13
Q
- innate immune system if specific/nonspecific?
A
it is an inherent/nonspecific system which work the same way regardless of microorganisms.
14
Q
- The adaptive immune system is specific/nonspecific?
A
Specific and tailor their response
15
Q
- Responsibility of the neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, NK cells, dendritic cells?
A
-neutrophils attack and ingest pathogen. –Eosinophils provide innate immunity in mucosal lining: mammary glands and GI tract.
Macrophages are the big-eaters.
NK cells directly destroy virus-infected cells (w/antigenic markers).
Dendritic cells engulf pathogens and activate lymphocyte.
16
Q
- What kind of cells does TB infect?….
A
macrophages and dendritic cells
17
Q
- A cancerous cell has uncontrollable cell division & an abnormal size of the cytoplasm BUT normal size of the nucleus? True / false
A
true
18
Q
- Adrenaline deficiency leads to..?
A
addison’s DZ
19
Q
- Cause of eosionophillia?
A
NAACP- Neoplasm Allergy/ Asthma Addison's disease Collagen vascular diseases Parasites
20
Q
- Scleroderma pertains to all over the body true /false?
A
true
21
Q
- Pressure is related to volume; by tightening the vessel, the volume is decreased and substances are tightly packed therefore, ____ pressure??
A
increasing
22
Q
- Different cytokines have different defense systems true/false??
A
true
23
Q
- A bacteria is (easier/harder) to scrape off vs a virus?
A
easier- Bacteria- rmmber bacteria hang around the bus whereas the virus is in the steering wheel
24
Q
- Bacterial infection (Gonorrhea) can develop over and over again whereas, viral infections (measles, mumps) can develop immunity. True/false?
A
true
25
25. HIV is a ___virus, meaning it transcripts RNA -> DNA????
retrovirus
26
26. How many people die, on average, due to influenza?
…~ 36,000 people (rampersauds likes to put stats on his exams, especially the ones he mentions)
27
27. An attenuated microbe is not as _____ as a live microbe??
strong
28
28. In the sympathetic NS, the bronchioles are…?
Dilated (bronchodilation)- good for Tx of asthma
29
29. What is immunotherapy?
When you gradually get desensitized to a particular allergen
30
30. Epinephrine as alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2 agonists?
True/false
true
31
31. Most common spirochete bacteria?
Syphillus; can cork screw through skin
32
32. What happens if er give 100% of O2 for too long?
May cause sclerosis of the lung thus scarring the lung
33
34. What must happen to a body for an opportunistic bacteria to invade and lead to pneumonie?
Body has to be weakened by the flu
34
35. If you have gonorrhea, you are also treated for..?
chlamydia
35
36. Bacteria likes what three things?
warm, moist (bloody) and wet areas
36
37. Number 1 cause of death in HIV?
PCP-pneumocystis carinii pneunoniae
37
38. What does tickborne infection lead to in juveniles?
Leads to juvenile arthritis
38
39. Botox has a low-dose of what?
Boulinium
39
40. After antibiotics wipe out the normal flora, what kicks in to cause infection/inflammation of the colon?
C. diff
40
41. Clostridium is an anaerobic / aerobic bacteria?.
anearobe
41
42. With each infection what is happening to our bodies?
Scarring is occurring because cytokines is pro-inflammatory
42
43. Bacterial pneumonia have colored/clear sputum, whereas a viral pneumonia has a colored/ clear sputum?
Bacterial has colored (green, yellow, blue) whereas viral has clear sputum
43
44. HSV-type I is located in _____ whereas HSV- type II is located in ______?
Type I is located in the oral cavity whereas type II is located in the genitals
44
45. Hep B can be transmitted _-_% from mom – fetus?
5-90%
45
46. About 90% of children with perinatal Hepatitis develop chronic infection?
true/false
true
46
47. About 25% of children with perinatal hepatits develop acute hepatitis as adults?
true/false
true
47
48. Hep A & E transmitted via ____ and _____?
oral and fecal
48
49. Hep B, C, D transmitted via ___?
blood
49
50. Hep B & C can be transmitted from mom-fetus?
| true/false
true
50
51. Hep E resolves on its own within months?
true
51
52. Liver Is the only organ where of you cut off one half of it, the other half regrows?
true/false
true
52
53. Fungi live on organic matter and produce ____?
spores
53
54. Candida on the body and head is known as _____ corporis and ______ capitis?
Tinea corporis and tinea capitas.
54
55. Candida on the legs is known as tinea _____?
Tinea pedis
55
56. SARS is caused by a ___virus?
coronavirus
56
57. Rotavirus is the # 1 cause of diarrheal virus that causes kids to ‘rotate’ out of this world. True/false?
true
57
58. Hantavirus is caused by?
is rodent-borne
58
60. Is lipid A immunogenic?
yes
59
59. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism is caused by an autoimmune Dz, true/false?
true
60
Peptidolycan protect from physical and osmotic attach?
| true/false
true
61
62. Strep pyogenes use ___ acid to attack?
teichoic acids
62
63. Betalactamases: ?
in periplasmic space, enzymes large enough to break down beta-lactam rings
63
64. What are 2 gram + cocci?
strep and staph
64
65. What is one gram – cocci?
neisseria
65
66. Majority of internal organs are sterile, true/false?
true
66
67. Normal flora includes what 4 things?
1. Body surfaces; internal and external
2. Internal organs
3. Semipermanent; belong there but usually pushed off
4. Plays major role in maintaining health and causing Dzs.
67
68. What are the two spore formers?
Clostriduim and bacillus
68
69. Capsules are important for…??
pathogenesis
