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Microbiology & Immunology > Hematology sheet and notes taken during that lecture > Flashcards

Hematology sheet and notes taken during that lecture Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The pluripotent stem cell divides into?
A

myeloid stem cell and lymphoid stem cell

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2
Q
  1. What are the 6 major forms of the myeloid family?…..
A

BENT ME – basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil, throbocytes, monocyte, erythrocyte.

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3
Q
  1. What are 2 end products of the lymphoid stem cell? Of which is plasma cells originating form?…
A

2 end products are B and T cells and from the B cell plasma cells originate which are antibodies.

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4
Q
  1. What color does eosinophil stain? And the release of eosinophils is due to what?
A

….eosinophils stain pink and are released in response to an allergic rxn.

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5
Q
  1. What do basophils -> mast cells release?…
A

histamine which increases the inflammatory response and stimulates mucus producion

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6
Q
  1. What is polycythemia vera (PV)?
A

highly elevated RBC count. It is uncurable and to maintain it, may draw blood.

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7
Q

Where are EPO produced?…

A

kidneys

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8
Q
  1. How many people die of malaria each year?
A

2 million per year

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9
Q
  1. What is found between epithelial tissue that allow specified substances to pass through?…
A

tight junctions

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10
Q
  1. The darker you are, the more ________ you have?
A

melanocytes

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11
Q
  1. Saliva has the amylase ptyalin? true or false
A

true

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12
Q
  1. pH of vagina is ____ and has enzymes that break things down
A

acidic

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13
Q
  1. innate immune system if specific/nonspecific?
A

it is an inherent/nonspecific system which work the same way regardless of microorganisms.

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14
Q
  1. The adaptive immune system is specific/nonspecific?
A

Specific and tailor their response

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15
Q
  1. Responsibility of the neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, NK cells, dendritic cells?
A

-neutrophils attack and ingest pathogen. –Eosinophils provide innate immunity in mucosal lining: mammary glands and GI tract.
Macrophages are the big-eaters.
NK cells directly destroy virus-infected cells (w/antigenic markers).
Dendritic cells engulf pathogens and activate lymphocyte.

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16
Q
  1. What kind of cells does TB infect?….
A

macrophages and dendritic cells

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17
Q
  1. A cancerous cell has uncontrollable cell division & an abnormal size of the cytoplasm BUT normal size of the nucleus? True / false
A

true

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18
Q
  1. Adrenaline deficiency leads to..?
A

addison’s DZ

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19
Q
  1. Cause of eosionophillia?
A 
NAACP-
Neoplasm
Allergy/ Asthma
Addison's disease
Collagen vascular diseases
Parasites
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20
Q
  1. Scleroderma pertains to all over the body true /false?
A

true

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21
Q
  1. Pressure is related to volume; by tightening the vessel, the volume is decreased and substances are tightly packed therefore, ____ pressure??
A

increasing

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22
Q
  1. Different cytokines have different defense systems true/false??
A

true

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23
Q
  1. A bacteria is (easier/harder) to scrape off vs a virus?
A

easier- Bacteria- rmmber bacteria hang around the bus whereas the virus is in the steering wheel

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24
Q
  1. Bacterial infection (Gonorrhea) can develop over and over again whereas, viral infections (measles, mumps) can develop immunity. True/false?
A

true

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25
Q
  1. HIV is a ___virus, meaning it transcripts RNA -> DNA????
A

retrovirus

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26
Q
  1. How many people die, on average, due to influenza?
A

…~ 36,000 people (rampersauds likes to put stats on his exams, especially the ones he mentions)

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27
Q
  1. An attenuated microbe is not as _____ as a live microbe??
A

strong

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28
Q
  1. In the sympathetic NS, the bronchioles are…?
A

Dilated (bronchodilation)- good for Tx of asthma

29
Q
  1. What is immunotherapy?
A

When you gradually get desensitized to a particular allergen

30
Q
  1. Epinephrine as alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2 agonists?
    True/false
31
Q
  1. Most common spirochete bacteria?
A

Syphillus; can cork screw through skin

32
Q
  1. What happens if er give 100% of O2 for too long?
A

May cause sclerosis of the lung thus scarring the lung

33
Q
  1. What must happen to a body for an opportunistic bacteria to invade and lead to pneumonie?
A

Body has to be weakened by the flu

34
Q
  1. If you have gonorrhea, you are also treated for..?
35
Q
  1. Bacteria likes what three things?
A

warm, moist (bloody) and wet areas

36
Q
  1. Number 1 cause of death in HIV?
A

PCP-pneumocystis carinii pneunoniae

37
Q
  1. What does tickborne infection lead to in juveniles?
A

Leads to juvenile arthritis

38
Q
  1. Botox has a low-dose of what?
39
Q
  1. After antibiotics wipe out the normal flora, what kicks in to cause infection/inflammation of the colon?
40
Q
  1. Clostridium is an anaerobic / aerobic bacteria?.
41
Q
  1. With each infection what is happening to our bodies?
A

Scarring is occurring because cytokines is pro-inflammatory

42
Q
  1. Bacterial pneumonia have colored/clear sputum, whereas a viral pneumonia has a colored/ clear sputum?
A

Bacterial has colored (green, yellow, blue) whereas viral has clear sputum

43
Q
  1. HSV-type I is located in _____ whereas HSV- type II is located in ______?
A

Type I is located in the oral cavity whereas type II is located in the genitals

44
Q
  1. Hep B can be transmitted -% from mom – fetus?
45
Q
  1. About 90% of children with perinatal Hepatitis develop chronic infection?
    true/false
46
Q
  1. About 25% of children with perinatal hepatits develop acute hepatitis as adults?
    true/false
47
Q
  1. Hep A & E transmitted via ____ and _____?
A

oral and fecal

48
Q
  1. Hep B, C, D transmitted via ___?
49
Q
  1. Hep B & C can be transmitted from mom-fetus?

true/false

50
Q
  1. Hep E resolves on its own within months?
51
Q
  1. Liver Is the only organ where of you cut off one half of it, the other half regrows?
    true/false
52
Q
  1. Fungi live on organic matter and produce ____?
53
Q
  1. Candida on the body and head is known as _____ corporis and ______ capitis?
A

Tinea corporis and tinea capitas.

54
Q
  1. Candida on the legs is known as tinea _____?
A

Tinea pedis

55
Q
  1. SARS is caused by a ___virus?
A

coronavirus

56
Q
  1. Rotavirus is the # 1 cause of diarrheal virus that causes kids to ‘rotate’ out of this world. True/false?
57
Q
  1. Hantavirus is caused by?
A

is rodent-borne

58
Q
  1. Is lipid A immunogenic?
59
Q
  1. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism is caused by an autoimmune Dz, true/false?
60
Q

Peptidolycan protect from physical and osmotic attach?

true/false

61
Q
  1. Strep pyogenes use ___ acid to attack?
A

teichoic acids

62
Q
  1. Betalactamases: ?
A

in periplasmic space, enzymes large enough to break down beta-lactam rings

63
Q
  1. What are 2 gram + cocci?
A

strep and staph

64
Q
  1. What is one gram – cocci?
65
Q
  1. Majority of internal organs are sterile, true/false?
66
Q
  1. Normal flora includes what 4 things?
A
  1. Body surfaces; internal and external
  2. Internal organs
  3. Semipermanent; belong there but usually pushed off
  4. Plays major role in maintaining health and causing Dzs.
67
Q
  1. What are the two spore formers?
A

Clostriduim and bacillus

68
Q
  1. Capsules are important for…??
A

pathogenesis

Microbiology & Immunology (13 decks)

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