Stages of language development Flashcards
Age at the prelinguistic stage of language development
0-12 months
Age at the holophrastic stage of language development i.e. uses single words with meaning
12-18 months
Age at the telegraphic stage of language development i.e. able to combine words
18 months to 3 years
Demographic factors that mean language will be slower to develop on average
Positive family history - most reliable Male sex Twins Large families Social classes 4-5 Any children who lack speech stimulation
Age by which babbling should be seen
6 months
Idea that the first words babies use are used only for specific circumstances e.g. a baby saying ‘duck’ but only to mean a specific rubber duck toy
Context bound
One word substitutes for whole phrases or sentences
Holophrases
The spontaneous way in which caregivers speak to babies e.g. high pitched, speaking about themselves in the third person, particular tonal patterns to words
Motherese/parentese/infant directed speech
The babbling stage at which babies make sounds which may be used in other languages but are not used in their home language e.g. a french baby babbling using the ‘th’ sound
Phonemic expansion
The stage following phonemic expansion where babies stop using sounds which are not found in their home language
Phonemic contraction
Vocabulary at 18-24 months
40-240 words
Vocabulary at 24-36 months
240-900 words
Vocabulary at 3-4 years
900-1000 words
Type of language characterised by longer, complex and context independent sentences
Elaborate language code
Type of language characterised by short or incomplete sentences, use of phrases such as ‘you know’, focus on the present and little abstract thinking
Restricted language code
Age at which a child speaks with the correct use of grammar
4
Age at which a child speaks approximately the same as an adult
5
Age at which children begin to understand syntax and grammar
3
Risk factors for delayed speech development
Large family size and rapid successive pregnancies
Smoking in pregnancy
Family history of delayed speech development
Low levels of parental education
Divorce and absence of a father
Strongest risk factors for language delay
Smoking during pregnancy
Large family size
The age at which internal speech is developed
3
The concept of thinking through concepts, having ideas and regulating the mind without external verbalisation
Internal speech
Age to be able to understand jokes and puns
6-7
Age to be able to use 3-4 words together and change the order of the words to make questions
2-3 years
Age at which a child should speak in simple sentences
3
