Moral development

Question 1

Age at which Piaget described children as having a unilateral respect for external laws

Answer 1

5-9

Question 2

Age at which Piaget described children as having a respect for self made laws, which can be changed for fairness or by consensus

Answer 2

10 plus

Question 3

Type of punishment advocated for by children aged 5-9 where there should be a strong penalty for any crime, and punishing the perpetrator is more important than not hurting innocent people

Answer 3

Moral realism

Question 4

Type of punishment advocated for by children aged 10 and over where the punishment should match the crime, and collective punishment is not acceptable

Answer 4

Moral relativism

Question 5

Frequently used ethical problem which Kohlberg used to develop his stages of moral development - asks participants an ethically ambiguous question and makes judgements based on their reasoning rather than the answer they give

Answer 5

Heinz Dilemma

Question 6

First level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 6

Preconventional

Question 7

Second level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 7

Conventional

Question 8

Third level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 8

Post-conventional

Question 9

Age in which people fall into the first level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 9

0-9

Question 10

Age in which people fall into the second level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 10

9-20

Question 11

Age in which people fall into the third level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 11

20+ - however not all adults reach level 3

Question 12

Two stages within the first level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 12

Obedience and punishment

Self-interest/reward

Question 13

Two stages within the second level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 13

Interpersonal accord and conformity i.e. good boy/nice girl

Law and order/authority

Question 14

Two stages within the third level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 14

Social contract/legalistic

Universal ethical principles

Question 15

Characteristics of the obedience and punishment stage in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 15

Rules are obeyed to avoid punishment

Question 16

Characteristics of the self interest/reward stage in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 16

The correct behaviour is whatever rewards the individual the most

Question 17

Characteristics within the interpersonal conformity and accord stage in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 17

The correct behaviour is what pleases others and what the majority feels is right

Question 18

Characteristics within the law and order/authority stage in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 18

Correct behaviour is defined by social rules or laws and social order should be maintained

Question 19

Characteristics of the social contract/legalistic stage in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 19

Correct behaviour is based on laws, but with exceptions in order to maximise individuals’ rights

Question 20

Characteristics of the universal ethical principles stage in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 20

The correct behaviour is that which is in accordance with self-chosen ethical principles

Question 21

Criticisms made of the studies used to develop Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 21

All male sample

Eurocentric

Question 22

Psychologist who developed stages of moral development where prosocial behaviour was evaluated, in contrast to Piaget and Kohlberg who largely studied the prohibition of wrong behaviour

Answer 22

Eisenberg

Question 23

Percentage of people who reach Kohlberg’s postconventional level of moral development

Answer 23

15%

Question 24

Alternative names for the interpersonal conformity and accord stage of moral development

Answer 24

Good boy/girl stage

Good interpersonal relationships