Moral development Flashcards
Age at which Piaget described children as having a unilateral respect for external laws
5-9
Age at which Piaget described children as having a respect for self made laws, which can be changed for fairness or by consensus
10 plus
Type of punishment advocated for by children aged 5-9 where there should be a strong penalty for any crime, and punishing the perpetrator is more important than not hurting innocent people
Moral realism
Type of punishment advocated for by children aged 10 and over where the punishment should match the crime, and collective punishment is not acceptable
Moral relativism
Frequently used ethical problem which Kohlberg used to develop his stages of moral development - asks participants an ethically ambiguous question and makes judgements based on their reasoning rather than the answer they give
Heinz Dilemma
First level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
Preconventional
Second level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
Conventional
Third level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
Post-conventional
Age in which people fall into the first level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
0-9
Age in which people fall into the second level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
9-20
Age in which people fall into the third level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
20+ - however not all adults reach level 3
Two stages within the first level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
Obedience and punishment
Self-interest/reward
Two stages within the second level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
Interpersonal accord and conformity i.e. good boy/nice girl
Law and order/authority
Two stages within the third level in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
Social contract/legalistic
Universal ethical principles
Characteristics of the obedience and punishment stage in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
Rules are obeyed to avoid punishment
Characteristics of the self interest/reward stage in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
The correct behaviour is whatever rewards the individual the most
Characteristics within the interpersonal conformity and accord stage in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
The correct behaviour is what pleases others and what the majority feels is right
Characteristics within the law and order/authority stage in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
Correct behaviour is defined by social rules or laws and social order should be maintained
Characteristics of the social contract/legalistic stage in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
Correct behaviour is based on laws, but with exceptions in order to maximise individuals’ rights
Characteristics of the universal ethical principles stage in Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
The correct behaviour is that which is in accordance with self-chosen ethical principles
Criticisms made of the studies used to develop Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
All male sample
Eurocentric
Psychologist who developed stages of moral development where prosocial behaviour was evaluated, in contrast to Piaget and Kohlberg who largely studied the prohibition of wrong behaviour
Eisenberg
Percentage of people who reach Kohlberg’s postconventional level of moral development
15%
Alternative names for the interpersonal conformity and accord stage of moral development
Good boy/girl stage
Good interpersonal relationships
