Adolescence through to older age Flashcards
Described by Anna Freud as the sudden changes between affection and lack of affection that occur in teenagers
Affective instability
Described by Erikson as a temporary poorly adaptive state that adolescents go through as they are questioning their identity
Adolescent turmoil
Expanded on Erikson’s psychosocial development to describe the formation of identity during adolescence
Marcia
As described by Marcia this occurs when an adolescent has not explored nor committed to an identity
Identity confusion/diffusion
As described by Marcia this occurs when an adolescent commits to an identity without exploring options
Foreclosure
As described by Marcia this occurs when an adolescent is exploring options but has not yet committed to an identity
Moratorium
As described by Marcia this occurs when an adolescent has explored their options and then committed to an identity
Achievement
Range of ages during which normal puberty starts in males
9-14 years
Range of ages during which normal puberty starts in females
8-14
Mean age of onset of puberty in males
11-12
Mean age of onset of puberty in females
11
Mean age at menarche
12.5 years
Age of puberty starting to class as precocious puberty in males
9
Age of puberty starting to class as precocious puberty in females
<8
Five stage criteria that describes physical changes in puberty in both males and females
Tanner’s criteria
Average tanner stage at which menarche occurs
4
Term for the onset of secondary breast development
Thelarche
Average tanner stages at which the pubertal growth spurt occurs in males
3-4
Average tanner stage at which the pubertal growth spurt occurs in females
2-3
Nine stages of ego and personal identity development described by Jane Loevinger
Presocial Impulsive Self protective Conformist Self aware Conscientious Individualistic Autonomous Integrated
Term that describes the fact romantic partners are often from the same socioeconomic and cultural background
Homogamous mate selection
Coined the term ‘midlife crisis’
Elliot Jacques
Hormone released at times of increased stress that during pregnancy can increase the risk of preterm labour, low birth weight and intrauterine infection
Corticotrophin releasing hormone
Phases in retirement
Pre-retirement Honeymoon Disenchantment Reorientation Stability Termination
Stage of retirement in which there is increasing anxiety at the retirement of friends and peers
Pre-retirement
Stage of retirement in which there is enjoyment of the increased freedom felt
Honeymoon
Stage of retirement in which there is a slowing down and mood can be lower due to expectations not being met
Disenchantment
Stage of retirement in which new avenues are explored and expectations become more realistic
Reorientation
Stage of retirement in which activity choices are made and mastery may be attained in a chosen hobby
Stability
Stage of retirement in which there is increasing frailty and physical problems and eventually death
Termination
Created a developmental theory based on age rather than events
Levinson
Loneliness felt by parents when children leave home
Empty nest distress
Age at which the midlife transition/midlife crisis occurs
40-45
The voluntary giving up of a pressurised career and well paid job for a more fulfilling life
Downshifting
Reduction of social interaction in older adults where there is mutual withdrawal of society and the individual
Social disengagement
Reduction of social interaction in older adults where the withdrawal is not mutual but forced
Social re-engagement
Reduction of social interaction in older adults where increasing age lessens someone’s ability to engage in reciprocal roles, and their social contract allows for increased leisure time and decreased responsibilities
Social exchange theory
Reduction of social interaction in older adults where someone wisely invests their time to a limited number of people they are most familiar with
Socio-emotional selectivity theory
Evidence to support the existence of a midlife crisis
Little evidence
People who adolescents prefer to discuss sexual and personal issues with
Peers
Type of ceremony used in some cultures which leads to lower negative transition to adulthood, and lower risk-taking in adulthood
Initiation ceremonies
