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Human development > Attachment theory > Flashcards

Attachment theory Flashcards

1
Q

Developed attachment theory

A

John Bowlby

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2
Q

The person Bowlby described as a baby’s ‘principle attachment figure’, decided by 1-3 months old

A

Primary caregiver

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3
Q

Idea that a baby or child has a bias towards one caregiver

A

Monotropy

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4
Q

Other attachment figures towards a baby or child who are not the primary caregiver

A

Subsidiary attachment figures

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5
Q

Age at which babies show indiscriminate attachment where they are happy to be handled by strangers

A

2-6 months

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6
Q

Age at which separation anxiety is common

A

10-18 months

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7
Q

The critical period for attachment to develop

A

6-36 months

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8
Q

Experiment which gave baby monkeys the choice between a soft cloth ‘mother’ who provided no food, and a wire ‘mother’ who gave out food.

A

Harlow’s monkeys

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9
Q

Type of ‘mother’ Harlow’s monkeys chose to spend more time with

A

Cloth mother who gave no food

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10
Q

Psychologist who developed the ‘strange situation procedure’ in order to study attachment in babies

A

Mary Ainsworth

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11
Q

Situation 1 in the strange situation experiment

A

Mother and infant enter the room

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12
Q

Situation 2 in the strange situation experiment

A

A stranger joins

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13
Q

Situation 3 in the strange situation experiment

A

Mother leaves infant with stranger

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14
Q

Situation 4 in the strange situation experiment

A

Mother returns and stranger leaves

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15
Q

Situation 5 in the strange situation experiment

A

Mother leaves infant alone

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16
Q

Situation 6 in the strange situation experiment

A

Stranger returns to infant

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17
Q

Situation 7 in the strange situation experiment

A

Mother returns to infant and stranger leaves

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18
Q

Original three types seen in Ainsworth’s strange situation

A

Anxious avoidant
Secure
Anxious resistant

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19
Q

Percentage of children with secure attachment type

A

70%

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20
Q

Percentage of children with anxious avoidant attachment type

A

15%

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21
Q

Percentage of children with anxious resistant attachment type

A

15%

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22
Q

Behaviour of children with anxious avoidant attachment type

A

Distressed when alone but not specifically distressed by mother leaving
Mother and stranger can comfort child equally well

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23
Q

Behaviour of children with secure attachment type

A

Plays independently when mother present
Distressed by mother leaving
Comforted by mother but not stranger

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24
Q

Behaviour of children with anxious resistant attachment type

A

Intense distress on mother leaving
Avoids stranger even when mother present
Approaches mother for comfort on return but avoids contact

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25
Q

Behaviour of children with anxious resistant attachment type

A

Intense distress on mother leaving
Avoids stranger even when mother present
Approaches mother for comfort on return but avoids contact

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26
Q

Type of attachment associated with responsive parenting

A

Secure

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27
Q

Type of attachment associated with inconsistent parenting

A

Anxious resistant

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28
Q

Type of attachment associated with unresponsive parenting

A

Anxious avoidant

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29
Q

Fourth type of attachment sometimes described by Ainsworth

A

Disorganised

30
Q

Can attachment style vary with different caregivers

A

Yes

31
Q

Devised the adult attachment interview following on from Ainsworth’s work

A

Mary Main

32
Q

Adult attachment style associated with secure child attachment

A

Autonomous

33
Q

Adult attachment style associated with anxious avoidant child attachment

A

Dismissing

34
Q

Adult attachment style associated with anxious resistant child attachment

A

Entangled

35
Q

Adult attachment style associated with disorganised child attachment

A

Unresolved

36
Q

Term for loss of a loved one as a child due to a period of separation e.g. a hospital admission

A

Anaclitic depression

37
Q

Rutter’s two forms of poor attachment

A

Deprivation

Privation

38
Q

Type of attachment described by Rutter where attachment is formed but then lost temporarily. Can lead to clingy behaviour, psychosomatic complaints and aggression.

A

Deprivation

39
Q

Rare form of attachment described by Rutter where attachment never forms. Leads to antisocial behaviour, lack of guilt and attention seeking.

A

Privation

40
Q

Personality type described by Rutter in cases of privation

A

Affectionless psychopathy

41
Q

Type of learning seen where a young animal is highly sensitive to a stimulus and it provokes a certain type of behaviour e.g. young goslings following the first moving object they see

A

Imprinting

42
Q

Four stages of attachment according to Bowlby

A

Preattachment
Attachment in the making
Clear cut attachment
Formation of reciprocal attachment

43
Q

Age at Bowlby’s stage of preattachment

A

Birth to 6 weeks

44
Q

Age at Bowlby’s stage of attachment in the making

A

6 weeks to 6-8 months

45
Q

Age at Bowlby’s stage of clear cut attachment

A

6-8 months to 18-24 months

46
Q

Age at Bowlby’s stage of formation of reciprocal attachment

A

18 months to 2 years and onwards

47
Q

Stage within Bowlby’s stages of attachment where the baby orientates towards the mother, but is comfortable with unfamiliar people

A

Preattachment

48
Q

Stage within Bowlby’s stages of attachment where the baby begins to show different reactions to familiar vs. unfamiliar people, but does not show separation anxiety

A

Attachment in the making/indiscriminate attachment

49
Q

Stage within Bowlby’s stages of attachment where the baby shows distress when separated from the caregiver, and has a preference for selective caregivers

A

Clear cut attachment

50
Q

Stage within Bowlby’s stages of attachment where the child begins to understand their caregiver may leave and return, and separation anxiety lessons. They begin to find other ways to get their needs met by their caregiver e.g. sulking

A

Formation of reciprocal attachment

51
Q

Look associated with disorganised attachment behaviour

A

Frozen and dazed

52
Q

Additional fourth attachment type sometimes described in Ainsworth’s strange situation

A

Disorganised

53
Q

Type of attachment sometimes seen in babies whose mother experienced abuse as a child

A

Disorganised

54
Q

Type of adult attachment style in the adult attachment interview characterised by the ability to talk freely about both positive and negative experiences during childhood

A

Autonomous

55
Q

Type of adult attachment style in the adult attachment interview characterised by minimising childhood experiences

A

Dismissing

56
Q

Type of adult attachment style in the adult attachment interview characterised by emotionally laden answers and rambling about their childhood experiences

A

Entangled

57
Q

Type of adult attachment style in the adult attachment interview characterised by broken continuity and an illogical flow of thoughts

A

Unresolved

58
Q

Childhood disorder associated with poor attachment

A

Oppositional defiant disorder

59
Q

Age at which attachment behaviour peaks

A

12-18 months

60
Q

Age at which there is lessoning of attachment behaviour and the attachment figure can be substituted

A

School age

61
Q

Age at which infants show preferential orientation towards selected people

A

5-7 months

62
Q

Age at which stranger anxiety develops

A

7-9 months

63
Q

Age at which attachment behaviour becomes evident

A

7-9 months

64
Q

Stages in an acute separation reaction, when a child is separated from its attachment figure

A

Protest
Despair
Detachment

65
Q

Age of children in the strange situation test

A

12-18 months

66
Q

Emotional state in which attachment behaviour is most evident

A

Stressed

67
Q

Described anaclitic depression among children deprived of their primary care giver

A

Spitz

68
Q

Term for a mother’s attachment to her child

A

Bonding

69
Q

Term for a father’s attachment to his child

A

Engrossment

70
Q

First described imprinting

A

Spalding

71
Q

Popularised imprinting

A

Lorenz

72
Q

Concept where individuals’ close proximity in early years reduces later sexual attraction

A

Reverse sexual imprinting

Human development (21 decks)

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