St Chpt 9

Question 1

An ____ is the preferred strategy whenever conditions and resources-permit an interior attack

Answer 1

Offensive fire attack

Question 2

A ______ limits operations to the exterior, generally resulting in a larger property loss and limiting rescue options

Answer 2

Defensive decision

Question 3

The ______ decision is based on staffing available to conduct an interior attack, water supply, ventilation, and most importantly a risk versus benefit analysis

Answer 3

Offensive/defensive decision

Question 4

A ______ is used whenever the risk vs benefit analysis determines that the risk to firefighters lives and safety outweighs any possible benefit that might be achieved through an offensive attack

Answer 4

Defensive operation

Question 5

When the IC initiates a _______, the objective is to save property that has not already been destroyed and/or to protect the environment

Answer 5

Defensive fire attack

Question 6

Many theorists exist regarding collapse zone distances. Some theorists believe that a building will fall ____ of its height.

Answer 6

One third

Question 7

Using the 12 ft per story estimate, a five story building would be 60 ft in height, requiring a collapse zone of approx ____.

Answer 7

90 ft

Question 8

As compared to straight stream and fog nozzles, generally maintain better stream continuity for long distances, particularly when the stream is operated in opposition to the wind or there is a crosswind

Answer 8

Solid stream nozzles

Question 9

If a decision is made to position personnel and equipment within the potential collapse zone, evaluate the building to determine the safest possible location. For example positioning companies at the _____ of the building is usually safer than a frontal attack.

Answer 9

Corners

Question 10

Deal with fire extending from one area of a building to another within a structure

Answer 10

Internal exposures

Question 11

Many times in a defensive operation the building of origin is recognized as a total loss, therefore, emphasis is placed on protecting _____.

Answer 11

External exposure

Question 12

Increases as the size of the flame font increases

Answer 12

Radiant heat

Question 13

When inadequate resources, collapse probability, or fire volume makes a direct attack on the fire ineffective, applying water on the _______ is the best tactic

Answer 13

Exposed structures

Question 14

The energy levels for radiant heat are inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the heat source and the ______

Answer 14

Exposure

Question 15

Wetting the exposure is generally the most effective way to prevent ______

Answer 15

Ignition

Question 16

If a _____ fails to control the fire or the effectiveness of a direct attack is questionable for any reason, first cover near by exposures and then direct as much water as possible onto the main body of fire from a safe distance

Answer 16

Direct attack

Question 17

______ are the tools of choice for defensive operations

Answer 17

Master streams

Question 18

When evaluating the ______ Consider the flow capacity of individual hydrants as well as the total flow capacity of the water system

Answer 18

Water supply

Question 19

The ability to apply water from a distance greater than the height of the building may lead to a _______ for tall buildings that are in danger of collapse

Answer 19

Non attack strategy

Question 20

The first consideration in placing exterior streams is

Answer 20

Safety

Question 21

The second is the ability to apply water to ______ and to the interior of the building

Answer 21

Exposures

Question 22

Is the solid stream, straight stream, or fog stream best for defensive operations? They all have their place, and it is important for the fire officer to know the advantages and disadvantages of all available tools. The ________ Has the greatest reach and penetrating ability and is best suited to situations where the attack is on the main body of the fire in a large structure

Answer 22

Solid stream

Question 23

The ______Can be gently apply to an exposure, covering a wider area without breaking windows

Answer 23

fog pattern

Question 24

From a variable stream nozzle or not generally considered equal to solid stream nozzles, but most are capable of penetrating the main body of fire

Answer 24

Straight streams

Question 25

In an urban setting the ______ Is used to describe a fire that spreads from building to building over a considerable distance, beyond a natural or artificial barrier

Answer 25

Conflagrations

Question 26

Are similar to conflagrations; however, unlike a conflagration, a ______ is confined within a complex or among adjacent buildings

Answer 26

Group fires

Question 27

Fires spreading from Wildland into an urban area, and destroying large numbers of buildings, are properly defined as conflagrations.

Answer 27

Wildland urban interface

Question 28

Has historically posed the greatest problem and is most often cited as a conflagration factor

Answer 28

Wood shingle roofing

Question 29

Understanding the methods of heat transfer is the first step in developing a

Answer 29

Conflagrations strategy

Question 30

Once the flame font widens, ______ is the primary means of fire extension from building to building and from groups of buildings to other groups of buildings

Answer 30

Radiant heat

Question 31

Halting or preventing A conflagration Can seriously Challenge any water supply system. The use of water must be prioritized with individual units, realizing the importance of water conservation. In most cases, water being discharge into a flame front is of little value. The top priorities are maintaining the_________

Answer 31

The firebreak at the lines of defense and protecting exposures

Question 32

If the same offensive attack is not possible and there is little or nothing to be gained by initiating a defensive attack, choose the ______ option.

Answer 32

Non-attack

Question 33

For older multistory residential and office buildings, using a factor of _____ per story is reasonably accurate

Answer 33

12 ft

Question 34

Generally, the longer an uncontrolled fire burns, the more hazardous the building becomes. Therefore, the ______ should be assessed not only during initial attack or during a change of command, but also at set times and whenever major tactical objectives are achieved.

Answer 34

Risk versus benefit analysis

Question 35

When a fire is of such magnitude that the buildings structural support system is threatened, the building should be evacuated and a _____

Answer 35

Defensive operation initiated

Question 36

When a fire seriously threatens the structural integrity of a building, firefighters should move to the outside of the ______ to avoid life threatening emergency retreats

Answer 36

Collapse zone

Question 37

Building sometimes collapse within themselves, other times, the walls fall away from the supporting structure as a unit. This type of structural failure results in the collapse zone being equal to the ______

Answer 37

Height of the building plus an allowance for debris to scatter

Question 38

Using a _____ allows the stream to be used for an attack on the main body of fire, and it can also be repositioned to cover exposures if the apparatus or master stream is properly positioned

Answer 38

Variable stream nozzle

Question 39

Evacuating people beyond the secondary line of defense requires that the location of the secondary line of defense be known. Actually protecting the secondary line of defense protects the

Answer 39

Evacuation