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Chapa 1 pump ops > St Chpt 12 > Flashcards

St Chpt 12 Flashcards

1
Q

The basic tactics and strategic objectives used in high-rise fire fighting are essentially the same as those that apply to any other structure fire, but with special considerations because of the_____

A

Height of the building

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2
Q

Represent an extraordinary challenge to fire departments and are some of the most challenging incidents a fire department encounters

A

High-rise fire

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3
Q

High-rise buildings can hold thousands of people well above the reach of fire department aerial devices, and the chance of rescuing victims from the exterior is near _____ once the fire is above the operational reach of ladders for elevated platforms

A

Zero

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4
Q

Can be as simple as testing a single function such as the ability to apply the national incident management system (nims) or tabletop exercise using scenarios such as the RGB scenario presented in the challenging questions and activities at the end of this chapter

A

Training

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5
Q

Fire departments tend to think of a high rise building as being _______ of the aerial fire equipment available to them

A

Beyond the reach

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6
Q

The risk to firefighters and occupants increases in proportion to the height of the building and the ______

A

height of the fire above grade level

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7
Q

A responsibility of _______ is to control, operate, and account for all elevators

A

Lobby control

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8
Q

Elevators are equipped with _____ to prevent them from falling

A

Redundant safety systems

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9
Q

Maintenance and security people should never be taken into the elevator until it had been verified that the elevator is

A

completely safe

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10
Q

The first rule of elevator safety is to avoid the use of ______ unless they will substantially improve operations

A

Elevators

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11
Q

When there is a fire separation between the elevators end the fire area, it may be possible to safely use the elevators in another_______ and then travel horizontally to the fire

A

Building zone

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12
Q

Large high rise buildings, especially hospitals, often have ______

A

Building zones

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13
Q

Create a horizontal barrier to smoke and heat from the fire

A

Fire walls and fire doors

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14
Q

Department SOPs should state that the elevator should be taken _____ or more below the fire, and then firefighters should walk up the stairways to the fire floor

A

Two floors

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15
Q

Are usually less safe than passenger elevators, but they may be suitable for sending equipment without placing firefighters in the elevator car

A

Freight elevators

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16
Q

When ascending in an elevator, it is good practice to stop periodically every _______ to check for smoke

A

Five floors

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17
Q

It is further recommended that firefighters stop the elevators________ below the fire floor, step out into the hallway, and check the general floor Arrangement to get a feel for the building layout

A

Three or more floors

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18
Q

Moving equipment via a stairway relay function was formally named stairway support but is now properly termed

A

Ground support

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19
Q

Is a high-rise support unit used to move supplies to the interior staging area when using elevators is deemed to be unsafe

A

Ground support

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20
Q

Firefighters assigned to ______ ascend two stories with air cylinders and other equipment, where the next firefighter picks up the equipment and relays it up two additional floors.

A

Ground support

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21
Q

Should be one of the first assignments given when the fire is on the upper floors in a building without elevator service

A

Ground support

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22
Q

A simple marking system involves placing a chalk mark ____ on doors to rooms that have been searched and/or indicating that the whole floor has been searched by marking hallways doors or walls opposite the elevator

A

X

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23
Q

Some departments use a piece of ____ that cover the doorknob and lock to prevent the door from relocking

A

Rubber with two holes

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24
Q

A ____ tactic places a great burden on the IC, as a successful outcome depends on the fire being promptly extinguished

A

Defend in place

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25
Q

The ____ uses recorded messages to notify occupants of a fire and provides specific directions for reaching places of safe refuge within the building

A

EVACS

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26
Q

Maybe the best way to reduce stairway congestion

A

Sequential evacuation

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27
Q

Reliance on the ______ should be limited to compartmentalized buildings with full sprinkler systems

A

EVACS

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28
Q

Above the ___ floor, most exterior defensive fire control tools are no longer effective

A

8th floor

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29
Q

Elevated streams can sometimes reach the fire floor, but the angle of deflection inside the window diminishes with each floor above the maximum______.

A

Height of the appliance

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30
Q

to improve fire stream penetration, it is necessary to move the nozzle farther from the building, thus ______

A

Reducing the angle of deflection

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31
Q

In fact the buildings ____ are the best means of egress, even when floors are within the reach of aerials

A

Stairways

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32
Q

For these reasons, it is extremely important that fire forces prevent fire extension into the ________because _____ are the safest and most effective egress routes

A

Stairways

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33
Q

Generally, the pressure at the standpipe discharge will be lower than the pump discharge pressure used to supply hose streams connected directly to a pumper. Departments compensate for the lower pressure by using ______ or _______

A

Smooth bore or low pressure nozzles

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34
Q

Although ceiling height of individual floors will vary in high rise buildings, a fair estimate is allowing ____ for the first floor and ___ for each additional floor

A

20 ft

10 ft

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35
Q

The loss of pressure due to gravity is ______

A

0.434 psi

36
Q

If provisions are not made to provide an external backup supply and the internal pumps fail, the only protection will be ___

A

The fire resistive nature of the structure (fire enclosures)

37
Q

For supplying the standpipe and reservoirs in case of breakdown, developed in cooperation with building management, could prevent a disaster

A

Contingency plans

38
Q

These _____ should be included in the preincdent plan

A

Contingency plans

39
Q

Most newer high rise buildings are equipped with a ______, which is usually near the lobby.

A

Command center

40
Q

In many new style high rise buildings, where core construction methods are used, fire attack and evacuation tactics are further complicated. In these buildings, ________ are usually located in the center of the building

A

Stairways

41
Q

Some core construction methods move the core away from the center of the building, which is sometimes referred to as ______

A

Side core construction

42
Q

Are built as a separate structure, thus reducing the possibility of smoke entering the stairs.

A

Smoke proof towers

43
Q

Unless there is compelling reason to use another stairway, the ______ or the pressurized stairway should be the stairway of choice for occupant evacuation

A

Smoke proof tower

44
Q

Matching the occupancy classification to time factors generally gives the IC a good idea of the______

A

Life hazard potential

45
Q

As a rule of thumb, the average office building has one person for every _____

A

100 ft

46
Q

The Vertical airflow are caused by temperature differences within and outside the building

A

Stack effect

47
Q

The colder it is outside and the warmer it is inside, the greater the positive

A

Stack effect

48
Q

Conversely, the _____ can be negative downward on a warm day within an air conditioned building

A

Stack effect

49
Q

At the _____ forces are neutral air is not moving in or out

A

NPP

50
Q

Wind passing over a roof opening has a pulling or

A

Venturi effect

51
Q

In the case of residential and health care occupancies, there will be at least one additional _____ in the hall way before reaching the stairway

A

Fire door

52
Q

Effective ____ can clear stairways during a high rise fire in two ways

A

PPV

53
Q

The primary rescue tactic in a high rise building is a well placed

A

Offensive attack

54
Q

Suspended ceilings are common concealed spaces and a likely place for a _____ fire

A

Wrap around fire

55
Q

The attack line is used as the lifeline to _____

A

Safety

56
Q

The people on the fire floor and the floor immediately above are in the _____ and should be among the first groups evacuated

A

Greatest danger

57
Q

A stairway with a standpipe outlets is the preferred fire ______

A

Operations stairway

58
Q

Ventilation and control of the HVAC system should be done by using ____

A

Reversible methods

59
Q

All floors above the fire are ____

A

Exposures

60
Q

In modern buildings with ____, fire can extend upward, inside the building, near the exterior wall.

A

Curtain walls

61
Q

Fires can extend up the exterior of the building via auto exposure by _____ from floor to floor

A

Lapping

62
Q

However, the greatest property conservation exposure is often _____ as water flows through curtain walls, electrical fixtures, and other openings, damaging valuable property beneath the fire.

A

Downward

63
Q

The level where the fire occurs has the greatest impact on ____, especially when elevators are not available

A

Lead time

64
Q

A ____ should be established to keep civilians out of danger and to provide a safe working area for firefighters outside the building

A

Perimeter

65
Q

If there is danger from falling glass, a _____ perimeter should be enforced around the building

A

200 ft

66
Q

Opening windows by pulling the glass ____ greatly increases safety at high rise structures

A

Inward

67
Q

Is the most frequently cited problem during major emergency operations

A

Communications

68
Q

______ are abundant in most high rise buildings consider using them as a means of emergency communications

A

Hardwired telephones

69
Q

A good ____ will include sections to record the fire location and the location of companies at the incident scene

A

Tactical worksheet

70
Q

The term ___ is used by wildland fire fighters to identify a location housing reserve equipment and personnel.

A

Base

71
Q

The ____ for high rise fires is a location where support equipment and personnel are kept on the exterior of the building

A

Base

72
Q

Depending on interior conditions and the location of the fire, an exterior staging area maybe establish near the _____

A

Fire perimeter

73
Q

This area is normally two or more floors below the fire

A

Interior staging area

74
Q

To avoid the confusion of having a different name for the exterior staging area, the interior staging area could be identified as interior staging or as the

A

Resource area

75
Q

The supervisor in charge of the staging area or an assistant can act as the _____ for crews that are working out of the staging area

A

Accountability officer

76
Q

Any time an extended interior attack is in progress on an upper floor of a building where firefighters expend more than one tank of air ______

A

Interior staging and rehabilitation may be a good idea

77
Q

Controlling the elevators and stairways is the only way to effectively gain access to the upper floors of a high rise building. Many departments SOPs assign these initial lobby control tasks to a member of the first arriving ______

A

First arriving Truck company

78
Q

Most codes define the high rise building in terms of

A

Height and stories

79
Q

Once firefighters are operating above the reach of aerial devices, the only viable means of egress is the

A

Interior stairs

80
Q

Modern high rise building elevators have fire department controls. When the alarm system is activated elevators return to the ground floor and remain there ________ for fire department use.

A

Locked out

81
Q

A critical variable in high rise fire operations is the availability of reliable

A

Elevators

82
Q

The fire officer must always conduct a careful _______ before placing firefighters in an elevator

A

Risk versus benefit

83
Q

The easiest and most quickest way to move cylinders, nozzles, hose, first aid supplies, forcible entry tools, and other materials to the interior staging area in a high rise building is using the

A

Elevator

84
Q

Moving equipment up through the building when the elevators are out of service is a mammoth undertaking, ______ provides a reasonable but slower alternative to using elevators

A

Ground support

85
Q

A decision for _______ can be made in advance of a fire and incorporated into the alarm system

A

Partial or sequential evacuation

86
Q

Assigning fire fighters to clear the attack stairwell from top to bottom assures that occupants will use the __________ and will not hinder fire operations

A

Safest stairway for egress

Chapa 1 pump ops (38 decks)

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