St Chpt 12

Question 1

The basic tactics and strategic objectives used in high-rise fire fighting are essentially the same as those that apply to any other structure fire, but with special considerations because of the_____

Answer 1

Height of the building

Question 2

Represent an extraordinary challenge to fire departments and are some of the most challenging incidents a fire department encounters

Answer 2

High-rise fire

Question 3

High-rise buildings can hold thousands of people well above the reach of fire department aerial devices, and the chance of rescuing victims from the exterior is near _____ once the fire is above the operational reach of ladders for elevated platforms

Answer 3

Zero

Question 4

Can be as simple as testing a single function such as the ability to apply the national incident management system (nims) or tabletop exercise using scenarios such as the RGB scenario presented in the challenging questions and activities at the end of this chapter

Answer 4

Training

Question 5

Fire departments tend to think of a high rise building as being _______ of the aerial fire equipment available to them

Answer 5

Beyond the reach

Question 6

The risk to firefighters and occupants increases in proportion to the height of the building and the ______

Answer 6

height of the fire above grade level

Question 7

A responsibility of _______ is to control, operate, and account for all elevators

Answer 7

Lobby control

Question 8

Elevators are equipped with _____ to prevent them from falling

Answer 8

Redundant safety systems

Question 9

Maintenance and security people should never be taken into the elevator until it had been verified that the elevator is

Answer 9

completely safe

Question 10

The first rule of elevator safety is to avoid the use of ______ unless they will substantially improve operations

Answer 10

Elevators

Question 11

When there is a fire separation between the elevators end the fire area, it may be possible to safely use the elevators in another_______ and then travel horizontally to the fire

Answer 11

Building zone

Question 12

Large high rise buildings, especially hospitals, often have ______

Answer 12

Building zones

Question 13

Create a horizontal barrier to smoke and heat from the fire

Answer 13

Fire walls and fire doors

Question 14

Department SOPs should state that the elevator should be taken _____ or more below the fire, and then firefighters should walk up the stairways to the fire floor

Answer 14

Two floors

Question 15

Are usually less safe than passenger elevators, but they may be suitable for sending equipment without placing firefighters in the elevator car

Answer 15

Freight elevators

Question 16

When ascending in an elevator, it is good practice to stop periodically every _______ to check for smoke

Answer 16

Five floors

Question 17

It is further recommended that firefighters stop the elevators________ below the fire floor, step out into the hallway, and check the general floor Arrangement to get a feel for the building layout

Answer 17

Three or more floors

Question 18

Moving equipment via a stairway relay function was formally named stairway support but is now properly termed

Answer 18

Ground support

Question 19

Is a high-rise support unit used to move supplies to the interior staging area when using elevators is deemed to be unsafe

Answer 19

Ground support

Question 20

Firefighters assigned to ______ ascend two stories with air cylinders and other equipment, where the next firefighter picks up the equipment and relays it up two additional floors.

Answer 20

Ground support

Question 21

Should be one of the first assignments given when the fire is on the upper floors in a building without elevator service

Answer 21

Ground support

Question 22

A simple marking system involves placing a chalk mark ____ on doors to rooms that have been searched and/or indicating that the whole floor has been searched by marking hallways doors or walls opposite the elevator

Answer 22

X

Question 23

Some departments use a piece of ____ that cover the doorknob and lock to prevent the door from relocking

Answer 23

Rubber with two holes

Question 24

A ____ tactic places a great burden on the IC, as a successful outcome depends on the fire being promptly extinguished

Answer 24

Defend in place

Question 25

The ____ uses recorded messages to notify occupants of a fire and provides specific directions for reaching places of safe refuge within the building

Answer 25

EVACS

Question 26

Maybe the best way to reduce stairway congestion

Answer 26

Sequential evacuation

Question 27

Reliance on the ______ should be limited to compartmentalized buildings with full sprinkler systems

Answer 27

EVACS

Question 28

Above the ___ floor, most exterior defensive fire control tools are no longer effective

Answer 28

8th floor

Question 29

Elevated streams can sometimes reach the fire floor, but the angle of deflection inside the window diminishes with each floor above the maximum______.

Answer 29

Height of the appliance

Question 30

to improve fire stream penetration, it is necessary to move the nozzle farther from the building, thus ______

Answer 30

Reducing the angle of deflection

Question 31

In fact the buildings ____ are the best means of egress, even when floors are within the reach of aerials

Answer 31

Stairways

Question 32

For these reasons, it is extremely important that fire forces prevent fire extension into the ________because _____ are the safest and most effective egress routes

Answer 32

Stairways

Question 33

Generally, the pressure at the standpipe discharge will be lower than the pump discharge pressure used to supply hose streams connected directly to a pumper. Departments compensate for the lower pressure by using ______ or _______

Answer 33

Smooth bore or low pressure nozzles

Question 34

Although ceiling height of individual floors will vary in high rise buildings, a fair estimate is allowing ____ for the first floor and ___ for each additional floor

Answer 34

20 ft 10 ft

Question 35

The loss of pressure due to gravity is ______

Answer 35

0.434 psi

Question 36

If provisions are not made to provide an external backup supply and the internal pumps fail, the only protection will be ___

Answer 36

The fire resistive nature of the structure (fire enclosures)

Question 37

For supplying the standpipe and reservoirs in case of breakdown, developed in cooperation with building management, could prevent a disaster

Answer 37

Contingency plans

Question 38

These _____ should be included in the preincdent plan

Answer 38

Contingency plans

Question 39

Most newer high rise buildings are equipped with a ______, which is usually near the lobby.

Answer 39

Command center

Question 40

In many new style high rise buildings, where core construction methods are used, fire attack and evacuation tactics are further complicated. In these buildings, ________ are usually located in the center of the building

Answer 40

Stairways

Question 41

Some core construction methods move the core away from the center of the building, which is sometimes referred to as ______

Answer 41

Side core construction

Question 42

Are built as a separate structure, thus reducing the possibility of smoke entering the stairs.

Answer 42

Smoke proof towers

Question 43

Unless there is compelling reason to use another stairway, the ______ or the pressurized stairway should be the stairway of choice for occupant evacuation

Answer 43

Smoke proof tower

Question 44

Matching the occupancy classification to time factors generally gives the IC a good idea of the______

Answer 44

Life hazard potential

Question 45

As a rule of thumb, the average office building has one person for every _____

Answer 45

100 ft

Question 46

The Vertical airflow are caused by temperature differences within and outside the building

Answer 46

Stack effect

Question 47

The colder it is outside and the warmer it is inside, the greater the positive

Answer 47

Stack effect

Question 48

Conversely, the _____ can be negative downward on a warm day within an air conditioned building

Answer 48

Stack effect

Question 49

At the _____ forces are neutral air is not moving in or out

Answer 49

NPP

Question 50

Wind passing over a roof opening has a pulling or

Answer 50

Venturi effect

Question 51

In the case of residential and health care occupancies, there will be at least one additional _____ in the hall way before reaching the stairway

Answer 51

Fire door

Question 52

Effective ____ can clear stairways during a high rise fire in two ways

Answer 52

PPV

Question 53

The primary rescue tactic in a high rise building is a well placed

Answer 53

Offensive attack

Question 54

Suspended ceilings are common concealed spaces and a likely place for a _____ fire

Answer 54

Wrap around fire

Question 55

The attack line is used as the lifeline to _____

Answer 55

Safety

Question 56

The people on the fire floor and the floor immediately above are in the _____ and should be among the first groups evacuated

Answer 56

Greatest danger

Question 57

A stairway with a standpipe outlets is the preferred fire ______

Answer 57

Operations stairway

Question 58

Ventilation and control of the HVAC system should be done by using ____

Answer 58

Reversible methods

Question 59

All floors above the fire are ____

Answer 59

Exposures

Question 60

In modern buildings with ____, fire can extend upward, inside the building, near the exterior wall.

Answer 60

Curtain walls

Question 61

Fires can extend up the exterior of the building via auto exposure by _____ from floor to floor

Answer 61

Lapping

Question 62

However, the greatest property conservation exposure is often _____ as water flows through curtain walls, electrical fixtures, and other openings, damaging valuable property beneath the fire.

Answer 62

Downward

Question 63

The level where the fire occurs has the greatest impact on ____, especially when elevators are not available

Answer 63

Lead time

Question 64

A ____ should be established to keep civilians out of danger and to provide a safe working area for firefighters outside the building

Answer 64

Perimeter

Question 65

If there is danger from falling glass, a _____ perimeter should be enforced around the building

Answer 65

200 ft

Question 66

Opening windows by pulling the glass ____ greatly increases safety at high rise structures

Answer 66

Inward

Question 67

Is the most frequently cited problem during major emergency operations

Answer 67

Communications

Question 68

______ are abundant in most high rise buildings consider using them as a means of emergency communications

Answer 68

Hardwired telephones

Question 69

A good ____ will include sections to record the fire location and the location of companies at the incident scene

Answer 69

Tactical worksheet

Question 70

The term ___ is used by wildland fire fighters to identify a location housing reserve equipment and personnel.

Answer 70

Base

Question 71

The ____ for high rise fires is a location where support equipment and personnel are kept on the exterior of the building

Answer 71

Base

Question 72

Depending on interior conditions and the location of the fire, an exterior staging area maybe establish near the _____

Answer 72

Fire perimeter

Question 73

This area is normally two or more floors below the fire

Answer 73

Interior staging area

Question 74

To avoid the confusion of having a different name for the exterior staging area, the interior staging area could be identified as interior staging or as the

Answer 74

Resource area

Question 75

The supervisor in charge of the staging area or an assistant can act as the _____ for crews that are working out of the staging area

Answer 75

Accountability officer

Question 76

Any time an extended interior attack is in progress on an upper floor of a building where firefighters expend more than one tank of air ______

Answer 76

Interior staging and rehabilitation may be a good idea

Question 77

Controlling the elevators and stairways is the only way to effectively gain access to the upper floors of a high rise building. Many departments SOPs assign these initial lobby control tasks to a member of the first arriving ______

Answer 77

First arriving Truck company

Question 78

Most codes define the high rise building in terms of

Answer 78

Height and stories

Question 79

Once firefighters are operating above the reach of aerial devices, the only viable means of egress is the

Answer 79

Interior stairs

Question 80

Modern high rise building elevators have fire department controls. When the alarm system is activated elevators return to the ground floor and remain there ________ for fire department use.

Answer 80

Locked out

Question 81

A critical variable in high rise fire operations is the availability of reliable

Answer 81

Elevators

Question 82

The fire officer must always conduct a careful _______ before placing firefighters in an elevator

Answer 82

Risk versus benefit

Question 83

The easiest and most quickest way to move cylinders, nozzles, hose, first aid supplies, forcible entry tools, and other materials to the interior staging area in a high rise building is using the

Answer 83

Elevator

Question 84

Moving equipment up through the building when the elevators are out of service is a mammoth undertaking, ______ provides a reasonable but slower alternative to using elevators

Answer 84

Ground support

Question 85

A decision for _______ can be made in advance of a fire and incorporated into the alarm system

Answer 85

Partial or sequential evacuation

Question 86

Assigning fire fighters to clear the attack stairwell from top to bottom assures that occupants will use the __________ and will not hinder fire operations

Answer 86

Safest stairway for egress