Pump Ops Chpt 3 Flashcards
According to the untied states fire administration USFA, ______ firefighters were killed responding to or returning from emergency incidents in 2010.
17
Standard for fire apparatus driver/operator professional qualifications
NFPA 1002
Standard for fire fighter professional qualifications
NFPA 1001
Standard on fire department occupational safety and health program
NFPA 1500
Standard on comprehensive occupational medical program for fire departments
NFPA 1582
Provides specific standards that contain information and specific details on uncorrected vision and diseases of the eye.
Visual acuity NFPA 1582
Contains a list of frequencies that a driver operator must be able to hear and recommends rejecting a candidate who has hearing loss among those frequencies.
Adequate hearing NFPA 1582
A driver operator lapse in judgement and awareness and/or that of civilian motor vehicle operator can cause accidents or collisions. The most common place for a collision to occur is at an ______.
Intersections
A fire apparatus driver/operator should maintain ________ in order to lower the chances of being involved in a collision with an object, pedestrian, or other vehicle.
Situational awareness
Generally account for significant amount of damage repair costs.
Backing accidents
Driver/operators should develop a ________.
Safety conscious attitude
Excessive speed also makes an apparatus more difficult to stop and can cause difficulties while braking. additionally driver/operators must be aware of the possibility of ______.
Brake fade
_________ apparatus that have been built by members of the fire department of local mechanics and custom built, overloaded vehicles are more likely to have design problems. These vehicles are often built on government surplus or other used vehicle chassis that may be worn even before the conversion. Many are operated over the gross vehicle weight the chassis is designed to support and are top heavy.
Homebuilt apparatus
Lights when exhaust system is very hot, usually due to an active regeneration in process.
High exhaust system temperature indicator HEST
Lights to indicate that the DPF is loading up with soot.
DPF indicator
Allows driver/operator to manually initiate an active regeneration to burn off the DPF soot load
Manually parked regeneration switch
Allows the driver operator to keep the engine from initiating an active regeneration process. Used in limited circumstances if the apparatus is parked on dry grass or over other combustible materials where there is that high risk that high exhaust temperatures may start a fire.
Regeneration inhibit switch
The _______collects particulates from the exhaust stream and burns them more completely. Apparatus equipped with a _____ will have very clean exhaust emissions and no black smoke as is common with older Diesel engines.
DPF diesel particulate filter
________ occurs when the engine load, exhaust temperature, and engine speed are within an acceptable range. When the conditions are met, the engine will begin to dosing fuel into the exhaust stream to raise the exhaust temperature and burn off soot.
Active regeneration
Allows the cleaning of the DPF in a stationary truck operations and requires operator involvement to initiate. The operator will be notified of the need for a ________by the illumination of the DPF light located in the cab.
Parked regeneration
Failing to keep the DEF tank full may derate (reduce its torque output) the apparatus engine or limit the vehicle speed. After a driver operator continues to ignore an empty DEF tank, the apparatus may be limited in speed to _______.
5 mph
Angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the front tires touch the ground to the lowest projection at the front of the apparatus.
Angle of approach
Angle formed by the level ground and a line from the point where the rear tired touch the ground to the lowest projection at the rear of the apparatus
Angle of departure
Angle formed by level ground and a line from the pint where the tired touch the ground to the bottom of the frame at the wheel base midpoint.
Break over angle
Weight transfer follows the _________ which states that objects in motion tend to stay in motion tend to stay in motion; objects at rest tend to remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force
Law of interia
Occurs when the throttle is applied when a manual transmission is in too high a gear for the demand on the engine.
Engine lugging
When this ________ occurs with a Diesel engine more fuel is injected that can be burned
Over throttling
The safe following distance between vehicles increases dramatically when the apparatus is driven on slippery roads. It may take _____ to _____ times greater distance for a vehicle to come to a complete stop.
3 to 15 times greater
At speeds above _____ an emergency vehicle may outrun the effective range of its audible warning device
50 mph
In some instances increasing the speed of an apparatus by ____ can decrease the audible distance by 250 feet or more.
20
______ in front of fire stations allow apparatus to more safely enter the roadway. This signal may be controlled by a button in the station or remotely by a dispatcher. Some are activated by the station alerting station.
Traffic signals
Generates an optical that is received by the traffic light as the apparatus approaches. The signal causes the green light for the apparatus direction of travel and a red light in all other directions.
Strobe light emitter
The time needed to stop the apparatus or perform an evasive maneuver at the current rate of speed is _______.
Visual lead time
Is the distance the vehicle travels from the time the brakes are applied until the apparatus comes to a complete stop.
Braking distance
Is the sum of the driver/operator reaction distance and the vehicles braking distance.
Total stopping distance
After perceiving the need to stop the vehicle, the driver/operator ___________ is the distance the apparatus travels while the driver/operator transfers his or her foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal.
Reaction distance
In an ________ the drive wheels lose traction on the road surface
Acceleration skid
Generally results from breaking too hard at a high rate of speed
Locked wheel skid
NFPA 1901 requires that all apparatus with a GVWR of 36,000lb or greater be equipped with an _____.
Auxiliary braking system
Is an electronically actuated mechanical system added to the engine valve train. _________ converts the mechanical energy of the vehicle onto heat by compressing the engine intake air and then discharging the pressure to the atmosphere through the exhaust.
Engine compression brake
A _________ output retarder uses the viscosity property of the automatic transmission fluid to retard the driveline. When activated transmission fluids is introduced into the retarder housing and energy is absorbed into the fluid through the opposing action of spinning valves.
Transmission output retarder
The hub with chains attached is driven by the drive wheel and the lengths of chain are spun under the tire by centrifugal force. These chains may be ineffective in snow deeper than ____ to _____ depending on the consistency of the snow or when the vehicle is moving at a very slow speeds or in reverse.
3 in to 6 in
If the driver operator needs to rock the apparatus out of a particular spot and the ATC has been deactivated the throttle, the _________ should be activated.
Mud and snow switch
The _________ feature allows the operator to lock out the interaxle differential action between the rear tandem driving axles, creating one solid drive line between the rear axles.
Interaxle differential lock
Are designed to help prevent rollovers and tipping caused by cornering or sudden changes in direction
Stability control systems
Is interpreted into the ABS system. In addiction to the abs sensors, _______ includes a lateral accelerometer that senses when the side force caused by cornering approaches the roll over threshold.
Roll stability control
Applies the brake independently to aim the vehicle in the direction that the operator positions the steering wheel.
ESC electronic stability control
When preparing to back the apparatus the spotter should be positioned in the vision of the driver operator, preferably in the left drivers side mirror approximately _______ behind and slightly to the left of the apparatus.
8 to 10 feet
At speeds above _____ an emergency vehicle may outrun the effective range of its audible warning device
50 mph
In some instances increasing the speed of an apparatus by ____ can decrease the audible distance by 250 feet or more.
20
______ in front of fire stations allow apparatus to more a felt enter the roadway. This signal may be controlled by a button in the station or remotely by a dispatcher. Some are activated by the station alerting station.
Traffic signals
Generates an optical that is received by the traffic light as the apparatus approaches. The signal causes the green light for the apparatus direction of travel and a red light in all other directions.
Strobe light emitter
The time needed to stop the apparatus or perform an evasive maneuver at the current rate of speed is _______.
Visual lead time
Is the distance the vehicle travels from the time the brakes are applied until the apparatus comes to a complete stop.
Braking distance
Is the sum of the driver/operator reaction distance and the vehicles braking distance.
Total stopping distance
After perceiving the need to stop the vehicle, the driver/operator ___________ is the distance the apparatus travels while the driver/operator transfers his or her foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal.
Reaction distance
In an ________ the drive wheels lose traction on the road surface
Acceleration skid
Generally results from barking too hard at a high rate of speed
Locked wheel skid
NFPA 1901 requires that all apparatus with a GVWR of 36,000lb or greater be equipped with an _____.
Auxiliary braking system
Is an electronically actuated mechanical system added to the engine valve train. _________ converts the mechanical energy of the vehicle onto heat by compressing the engine intake air and then discharging the pressure to the atmosphere through the exhaust.
Engine compression brake
A _________ output retarder uses the viscosity property of the automatic transmission fluid to retard the driveline. When activated transmission fluids is introduced into the retarder housing and energy is absorbed into the fluid through the opposing action of spinning valves.
Transmission output retarder
The hub with chains attached is driven by the drive wheel and the lengths of chain are spun under the tire by centrifugal force. These chains may be ineffective in snow deeper than ____ to _____ depending on the consistency of the snow or when the vehicle is moving at a very slow speeds or in reverse.
3 in to 6 in
If the driver operator needs to rock the apparatus out of a particular spot and the ATC has been deactivated the throttle, the _________ should be activated.
Mud and snow switch
The _________ feature allows the operator to lock out the interaxle differential action between the rear tandem driving axles, creating one solid drive line between the rear axles.
Interaxle differential lock
Are designed to help prevent rollovers and tipping caused by cornering or sudden changes in direction
Stability control systems
Is interpreted into the ABS system. In addiction to the abs sensors, _______ includes a lateral accelerometer that senses when the side force caused by cornering approaches the roll over threshold.
Roll stability control
Applies the brake independently to aim the vehicle in the direction that the operator positions the steering wheel.
ESC electronic stability control
When preparing to back the apparatus the spotter should be positioned in the vision of the driver operator, preferably in the left drivers side mirror approximately _______ behind and slightly to the left of the apparatus.
8 to 10 feet
Describe vehicles that are in the emergency category; in most cases, this classification covers all fire department vehicles when they are responding to an emergency using their warning devices.
Driving statutes
In some jurisdictions, statutes may exempt emergency vehicles from driving regulations that apply to the general public if they are responding to a reported emergency and using their audible warning devices. These exemptions include :
Speed limits
Direction of travel
Directions of turns
Parking statutes and ordinances
Is usually found when the driver operator has been found guilty of a gross violation of standing laws, policies, or ordinances.
Negligence
Only effective handling and braking techniques can ensure maximum
Braking efficiency
Lack of driving skills may result from
Overconfidence in your driving ability
Inability to recognize a dangerous situation
False sense of security because of a good driving record
Misunderstanding of apparatus capabilities
Several fatal fire apparatus accidents have been traced back to improperly maintained apparatus
Braking systems
When preparing to start the apparatus, whether for an emergency response or routine trip, the driver operator first know the
Destination and route of travel
Water tanks that are improperly baffled and partially filled with liquid are of particular concern when driving an apparatus.
The driver operator should use only as much steering as needed to keep the weight transfer to a minimum
There are 19,824 locations in the US where there is less than _____ following the railroad tracks. These sites account for an average of 122 accidents annually.
100 feet
Anticipating that other drivers may not see, hear, or respond appropriately to approaching apparatus, the driver operator should use the following guidelines to help avoid potential collisions
Aim high in steering Get the big picture Keep your eyes moving Leave yourself an out Maintain enough distance from the vehicle ahead to pull out of traffic safely if the need arises Make sure others can see and hear you
Some systems use _____ mounted on the apparatus to activate sensors in the traffic lights
Strobe lights emitters
Your _____ determines whether or not reaction time and stopping distances will be sufficient in an emergency
Visual lead time
You must match the distance surveyed ahead of the vehicle with the speed of travel. By ________, you may become aware of conditions that require action.
Aiming high in steering and getting the big picture
A paved surface that is flat and dry provides for
Optimal stopping
Bringing a vehicle to a full and complete stop requires removing all of its
Forward momentum
An important skill for the driver operator is recognizing and avoiding conditions that may lead to
Skidding
Two common types of skidding are
Acceleration and locked wheel skids
Some of the most common causes involving driver error include the following
Driving too fast for road conditions
Failing to anticipate obstacles
Improper use of auxiliary braking systems
Improper maintenance of tire air pressure and adequate tread depth
provide the highest level of braking torque and are unaffected by transmission gear shift changes
Transmission output retarders and electromagnetic retarders
Preposition lights to illuminate the area where the spotter will stand _________ behind the apparatus
8 to 10 feet
All firefighters performing spotting duties should be wearing a
Reflective safety vest
Generally, the best side for the spotter is on the ______ of the apparatus if there is only one spotter
Drivers side
