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MIML 240 > SST Part II > Flashcards

SST Part II Flashcards

1
Q

caused by an infection with Corynebacterium diphtheria or Corynebacterium ulcerans

A

Cutaneous Diphtheria Infection

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2
Q

transmitted by direct contact with infected skin or getting a tattoo (very contagious)

A

C. diphtheria

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3
Q

transmitted from infected animals/animal products

A

C ulcerans

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4
Q

only species that have acquired the ____ _____ from a bacteriophage can cause respiratory form of Diphtheria

A

tox gene

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5
Q

both toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains can cause ______ _______

A

cutaneous form

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6
Q

C .diphtheriae
gram:
Catalase:
Urea

A

small gnb in club forms
positive
neg

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7
Q

C ulcerans
gram:
Catalase
Urea:

A

small gpb in club forms
positive
pos

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8
Q

infection of lymphatics by C trachomatis Serovars L1, L2, L2a orL3;
through sexual transmission, travels to lymphatic system-replicates in mononuclear cells

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

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9
Q

LGV stage that begins as a genital ulcer that is painless-heals quickly

A

Primary stage

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10
Q

spreads to lymph nodes near genital area
lymph node swells into painful buboes, becomes pus filled-begin to leak out pus or burst
2-4 weeks after primary stage

A

Secondary stage

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11
Q

strictures/obstruction of lymph vessels
-possible necrosis of genital tissue

A

tertiary stage

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12
Q

stage of Syphilis infection that causes a painless ulcer called chancres

A

primary stage skin manifestations

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13
Q

stage of syphilis infection with reddish brown rash

A

Secondary stage skin manifestation

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14
Q

stage of Syphilis infection with gumma formation on skin, bones, and organs with tissue destruction

A

Tertiary Stage skin manifestations

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15
Q

an organism that is sexually transmitted
-causes Chancroid, a painful lesion with a soft edge
-if untreated, ulceration can cause lymph node buboes

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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16
Q

colonial appearance of H ducreyi
_____-_____ dry colonies that can be pushed intact across agar surface
gram:
oxidase
which factor does it need to grow

A

tan-yellow
gncb in school of fish formation
pos
only X factor

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17
Q

branching beaded gnb, aerobic, white,chalky, smooth, dry crumbly colonies that can look like molar tooth

A

Nocardia

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18
Q

Lyme disease
tick

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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19
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever
ticks, mites, lice, and flease

A

Rickettsiae (small gnb)

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20
Q

Leptospirosis
rodents and other mammals

A

Leptospira interrogans (spirochete)

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21
Q

Bartonellosis (Cat scratch fever)
sandflies, lice, fleas, animal scratches or bites

A

Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana (gncb)

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22
Q

Rat Bite fever, Streptobacillosis, Spirillosis
rodent bites, scratches, or contact with feces

A

Streptobacillus moniliformis (gnb)
Spirillum minus (GNB spiral shape)

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23
Q

Tularemia
rabbits, rodents or other wild animals
bite form infected tick, flea, deerfly or mosquitoes

A

Francisella tularensis (gncb)

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24
Q

Erysipeloid
animals, animal meat or hides and saltwater fish

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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25
Q

Anthrax cutaneous form
coming into contact with animal or animal products with bacillus spores

A

Bacillus anthracis

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26
Q

zoonotic skin disease organisms are BSL-__ organisms that must only be tested in Containment Level __ labs

A

3
3

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27
Q

Common viral skin manifestations

A

Rashes
lesions
Warts
Vesicles

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28
Q

Fifth Disease; “slapped cheek rash”

A

Parvovirus B19

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29
Q

Oral herpres; cold sores

A

HSV-1

30
Q

Papillomas; warts

A

HPV

31
Q

Roseola; initial cold-like symptoms with high fever, followed by a macular or papular rash 3-5 days later

A

HHV-6
HHV-7

32
Q

Varicella; chicken pox

A

VZV

33
Q

Rubeola; measles

A

Paramyxovirus

34
Q

Rubella; German measles

A

rubella virus

35
Q

Monkeypox

A

Orthopoxvirus

36
Q

zoonotic viruses that cause severe bleeding under skin

A

Ebola, Marburg, Dengue

37
Q

Virus shed early in the infection- must be taken within __ days of infection;
-should be taken from where the virus causes infection

A

3

38
Q

lesions secretions are best but swabs are easier to take- must use _______ or _______ swabs- plastic or wire shaft

A

Dacron
Rayon

39
Q

Virus specimen testing:
must process for culture immediately- if not possible or there is a delay, store at __ C
if delay is significant (> 72 hrs)- freeze at ____ C
Never freeze at -20C because ice crystals form which are detrimental to virus
Never freeze and thaw numerous times because may kill virus

A

4
-70

40
Q

Mycobacteria skin manifestations
-due to Mycobacteria in MTB complex

A

Cutaneous manifestations

41
Q

caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans and other ulcers caused by slow growing NTM

A

Buruli ulcer

42
Q

caused by Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis

A

Lerposy

43
Q

caused by rapidly growing NTM

A

Cutaneous infections

44
Q

Mycobacteria classification

A
45
Q

causes Buruli ulcer (Africa) or Bairnsdale ulcer (Australia)
-found in environment- transmission through trauma in skin
-causes nodular skin lesions with or without ulceration
-produces necrotizing immunosuppressive toxin- MYCOLACTONE
-can also infect underlying bone to cause osteomyelitis

A

M ulcerans

46
Q

causes leprosy
-strictly a human pathogen- can only also infect armadillo
-spread by respiratory droplet
-Only 5% of people can develop leprosy-rest are genetically immune- but can still be carriers

A

M leprae (Hansen’s Bacilli)

47
Q

a form of leprosy with less number of organism with small number of infected skin patches

A

Paucibacillary

48
Q

a form of leprosy with higher number of organisms with a larger number of infected skin patches

A

Multibacillary

49
Q

Specimens for Mycobacterial skin infection investigation:

A

Swabs of the lesion, vesicle or ulcer
Aspirate of fluid
tissue samples
blood

50
Q

a Superficial mycoses caused by an often NF on skin;
causes Tinea versicolor pathcy lesions, scaling or varied pigments on skin- most often face, chest trunk and abdomen
-needs fat/oil to grow- found in areas with sebaceous glands
-lab diagnosis includes microscopic exam of skin specimens on 10%KOH
-“spaghetti and meatballs”= budding yeast & hyphae
-will not grow on culture media unless covered with oil

A

Malassezia furfur

51
Q

caused most often by Dermatophytes
-involve keratinized area on host- skin, hair, and nails
-causes a ring like lesion (ringworm) now named Tinea followed by the site where lesion is found

A

Cutaneous mycoses

52
Q

Tinea pedis

A

feet

53
Q

Tinea capitis

A

hair

54
Q

Tinea corporis

A

body skin

55
Q

3 genera of dermatophytes:

A

Microsporum
Epidermophyton
Trichophyton

56
Q

infects skin and hair (not nails)

A

Microsporum

57
Q

infects skin and nails (not hair)

A

Epidermophyton

58
Q

infects hair, skin, and nails

A

Trichophyton

59
Q

Dermatophytes are BSL ___ and can be worked up at a CL __ lab but must use proper PPE and a class __ BSC

A

2 2 2

60
Q

Specimens for Dermatophytes:

A

Skin- scraped from the margin of the lesion
Hair- PLUCKED, not cut, from the edge of the lesion
Nails- scrapings are obtained form the nail bed

61
Q

yeast infection of the skin caused by Candida spp most often C albicans;
-affects warm, moist areas of skin especially where it creases
-seen as red, itchy rash, where skin may crack or blister
-can also infect nails or the corners of the mouth
-seen most often in infant diaper rash

A

Cutaneous candidiasis

62
Q

chronic infection of deep skin layers that may spread to muscle and bone but not usually blood or organs
fungus found in soil in tropical areas and enters through sites of skin trauma
causes progressive non-healing ulcers, may also see draining sinus tracts and tissue destruction

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

63
Q

a mycetoma caused by a fungus

A

Eumycotic Mycetoma

64
Q

if mycetoma caused by bacteria from group of Actinomycetes, like Nocardia

A

Actinomycetoma

65
Q

a fungal infection that spreads throughout the body;
can affect multiple organs, blood, CSF
-can be fatal especially in immunocompromised individuals
-usually caused by dimorphic fungus, Aspergillus or a yeast

A

Systemic Mycoses

66
Q

Lab Diagnosis of Dimorphic Fungus
BSL_ organisms should only be worked on in a CL_ Lab
must use proper PPE and a class __ biological safety cabinet

A

3
3
II

67
Q

a helminth that burrows along a tract, leaving a winding, threadlike, raised, reddish brown itchy rash
-small bumps and blisters may also occur

A

Nematode (round worms) like Hookworm

68
Q

causes irritation of skin where the larval form enters through the persons skin

A

Trematode like Schistosoma (flat worm)

69
Q

insects from the genus Cimex, fed on blood, usually at night

A

Bed bugs

70
Q

sarcoptes scabiei mite; burrows superficially in skin, causes intense itching and a generalized rash

A

Scabies

71
Q

head Louse pedicures
groin louse phthirus pubis
head, body, pubic region
spread by close contact itching and sores from itching

A

Lice

MIML 240 (11 decks)

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