Cardiovascular 2

Question 1

organism considered as NSF but can cause serious infection like PROSTHETIC JOINT, NATIVE VALVE ENDOCARDITIS, SEPSIS, AND MENINGITIS- MOST COMMON CAUSE OF PROSTHETIC VALVE ENDOCARDITIS

-NOSOCOMIAL
-VERY VIRULENT AND MULTI DRUG RESISTANT
-VANCOMYCIN IS THE DRUG OF CHOICE

Answer 1

CORYNEBACTERIUM JEIKEIUM

Question 2

C jeikeium
Colonial morphology:
Gram
Catalase
Urease
Sucrose

Answer 2

Ppt/ small white NH, strict aerobe
Small pleomorphic gpb
pos
neg
neg

Question 3

group of fastidious gnb that are slow-growing
- may take >5 days to grow
-all like increased carbon dioxide for growth
-NF on mouth but have been associated with MOUTH INFECTIONS
-can also cause NATIVE OR PROSTHETIC VALVE ENDOCARDITIS
-TENDS TO CAUSE SUBACTUE ENDOCARDITIS

Answer 3

HACEK organisms

Question 4

organisms that make up the HACEK group

Answer 4

Haemophilus spp, including H aprophilus
Aggregatibacter
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
Kingella kingae

Question 5

HACEK organisms
GRAM MORPHOLOGY: coccobacilli
CULTURE ON BA: Star-shaped center

Answer 5

Aggregataibacter

Question 6

HACEK organisms
GRAM MORPHOLOGY: small gnb, oxidase negative
CULTURE ON BA: yellowish NH, does not need X or V

Answer 6

Haemophilus aprophilus

Question 7

HACEK organisms
GRAM MORPHOLOGY: small gnb, Rosette formation, Oxidase pos
CULTURE ON BA: Slight AH

Answer 7

Cardiobacterium hominis

Question 8

HACEK organisms
GRAM MORPHOLOGY: small gnb, oxidase pos
CULTURE ON BA: pits agar in CO2, needs hemmin, Smells like bleach

Answer 8

Eikenella corrodens

Question 9

HACEK organisms
GRAM MORPHOLOGY: plump gram-variable bacilli, oxidase pos
CULTURE ON BA: Colonial variation- can be mucoid- slight BH

Answer 9

Kingella kingae

Question 10

a normal flora on the mouth of humans and animals
-mostly causes PERIODONTAL DISEASE
-Immunocompromised person (especially those with spleen removed) at risk of SEPTICEMIA AND ENDOCARDITIS
-GNB SLENDER WITH POINTED ENDS (fusiform)
-facultative anaerobe but like CO2
-slow-growing 48-72 hours
-GROWS ON BA/CHOC- SMALL COLONIES WITH A FILM THAT SPREADS AWAY FROM THE CENTER OF THE COLONY DUE TO GLIDING MOTILITY

Answer 10

Capnocytophaga

Question 11

an extremely infectious organism-transmitted by INGESTION OF UNPASTEURIZED DAIRY OR INHALATION OR PENETRATION THROUGH SKIN CUTS- CAUSES BRUCELLOSIS

Answer 11

Brucella species

Question 12

Brucella species:
from cattle

Answer 12

Brucella abortus

Question 13

Brucella species:
from pigs

Answer 13

Brucella suis

Question 14

Brucella species:
from dogs

Answer 14

Brucella canis

Question 15

Brucella species:
from goat or sheep

Answer 15

Brucella melitensis

Question 16

Brucella species are _____ when working with clinical specimen
______ when growing and working with actual culture plates, usually sent to ___

Answer 16

BL2
BL3; PHL

Question 17

Brucella identification:
Specimens: Blood, tissues, fluid, bone marrow
Cultures incubated for __ days before a negative report can be sent out
Grows on BA, CHOC, and Brucella agar+ casein in __- ___% CO2
Small grey NH, ______ on MAC
gram: _____, Oxidase & urease positive
Only need ID to _____ level
REPORT TO MOH- CONSIDERED A POTENTIAL BIOTERRORISM AGENT

Answer 17

21
5-10%
No growth
GNCB
genus

Question 18

are nutritionally variant Streptococci
-normal oral flora, can cause endocarditis and septicemia
-require PYRIDOXAL, a form of B6 to grow
-grows in BC vials because human blood has vitamin B6

Answer 18

Abiotrophia and Granulicatella

Question 19

to recover Abiotrophia and Granulicatella when cultured to agar you need to add ________ in the blood agar ingredients or as a disk or a staph streak

Answer 19

Pyridoxal

Question 20

microaerophilic organisms that must be plated to CHOC or Campy media and needs 42C
-might be missed in routine BC vial culture
-sometimes DIFFICULT to gram

Answer 20

Campylobacter spp

Question 21

to gram stain Campylobacter spp, use basic_______ or ______ _______ for better results

Answer 21

fuchsin
acridine orange

Question 22

for Mycobacteria spp:
BC media needs enrichment like ____ or __________ base
may take __ - ___ weeks to grow

Answer 22

LJ or Middlebrook
6-8

Question 23

zoonotic organisms from cows or goats that are highly infectious
-transmitted via inhalation or rarely by eating raw animal products
<5% of those infected especially those with defects or vascular grafts will get endocarditis
-FASTIDIOUS GNB, OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PATHOGEN, WON’T GROW ON ROUTINE MEDIA
-MUST USE SEROLOGY TO DIAGNOSE ENDOCARDITIS
-BL3 ORGANISMS THAT ARE HIGHLY INFECTIOUS

Answer 23

Coxiella burnetii

Question 24

a type of endocarditis caused by Coxiella burnetii

Answer 24

Q fever

Question 25

refers to fungal growth in blood

Answer 25

Fungemia

Question 26

most common cause of Fungemia

Answer 26

Candida albicans

Question 27

if you know you are looking for a slow growing fungus, sub to fungal plates- keep up to __ weeks

Answer 27

4