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MIML 240 > Musculoskeletal system- Bone Infections > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal system- Bone Infections Flashcards

1
Q

a bone infection that has been seeded through the bloodstream-occurs most often in long bones in children

A

Hematogenous

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2
Q

a type of bone infection where the organism gets directly inoculated into bone from trauma, fracture or surgery

A

Direct inoculation

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3
Q

type of infection which is contracted from a nearby infected soft tissue or from a prosthetic joint contaminated at surgery

A

Contiguous spread

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4
Q

a kind of contiguous spread from nearby soft tissue infection caused by poor circulation- often due to diabetic infection

A

Vascular Insufficiency osteomyelitis

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5
Q

a type of Osteomyelitis characterized by a sudden infection often in long bones (most often in children); fever, sore, red, warm, and swollen area over bone

A

Acute Osteomyelitis

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6
Q

A type of osteomyelitis characterized by a bone infection that doesn’t go away with treatment. Slower progressing and intermittent. Happens most often in adults due to direct injury, surgery or prosthetic infection

A

Chronic osteomyelitis

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7
Q

an area of necrotic bone resulting from abscess formation that impairs blood flow. reduced blood flow= reduced access by immune system and antibiotics

A

sequestrum

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8
Q

a type of osteomyelitis defined as an infection of the vertebrae; seen in elderly, sickle cell, kidney dialysis, or those who inject drugs

A

Vertebral Osteomyelitis

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9
Q

______ _________ is the organism considered to be the most common bacterial cause of vertebral osteomyelitis followed by _______ __________.

A

Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichea coli

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10
Q

most common organism isolated in all type of osteomyelitis- with MRSA on the rise

A

S. aureus

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11
Q

_______ ________ & ___________ _________ are more often a cause of chronic osteomyelitis in those with prosthetics

A

CONS (S epidermidis and S lugdunensis) & Proprionibacterium species

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12
Q

causes osteomyelitis in adults & children with sickle cell disease; sickle cell causes breakdown of intestinal lining & Salmonella gets into the blood stream->

A

Salmonella species

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13
Q

a bone infection that affects the spine; caused by Mycobacteria (TB)

A

Potts disease

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14
Q

a GPB that usually infects the cervical facial area but can spread to bone through blood

A

Actinomyces

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15
Q

organism that causes Cat scratch disease

A

Bartonella henselae

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16
Q

organisms that cause bone infection from farm animals

A

Brucella spp
Coxiella Burnetii

17
Q

an organism contracted from sandfly, causing bone infection

A

Leishmania

18
Q

they are aerobic bacilli causing tuberculosis, Potts, leprosy, etc; they are acid fast; resistant to decolorization by higher concentrations of acid alcohol; requires special media, but some species grow fast, while others take 12-16 weeks

A

Mycobacteria

19
Q

type of acid fast stain consisting:
-Carbol fuchsin (heated on the slide)
-3% acid alcohol
-Methylene blue

A

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

20
Q

a type of acid fast stain:
-Carbol fuchsin (higher concentration of phenol)
- 3% acid alcohol
-Methylene blue

A

Kinyoun stain (cold)

21
Q

type of acid fast stain which uses Lower concentration of acid alcohol (0.5- 1.0%)

A

Modified acid fast

22
Q

a type of stain used to visualize acid-fast bacilli using fluorescence microscopy; both dyes have a high affinity for mycolic acid; stains cell wall bright yellow or orange, with a dark background

A

Auramine Rhodamine

23
Q

Reagents of Auramine Rhodamine staining method

A

-Aurmaine-Rhodamine dyes (primary stain)
- Distilled water
-Acid-alcohol (decolorizer)
-Potassium permanganate (counterstain)

23
Q

Reagents of Auramine Rhodamine staining method

A

-Aurmaine-Rhodamine dyes (primary stain)
- Distilled water
-Acid-alcohol (decolorizer)
-Potassium permanganate (counterstain)

24
Q

a dimorph contracted by inhalation of fungus in soil

A

Blastomyces

25
Q

a dimorph contracted through inhalation of arthroconidia in soil

A

Coccidioides

26
Q

a dimorph contracted from inhalation of microconidia/ hyphe in bat & bird feces

A

Histoplasma

27
Q

a dimorph contracted through inhalation of fungus in soil in which coffee is grown

A

Paracoccidioides

28
Q

a dimorph contracted through inhalation of fungus in soil around roses, may also be on rose thorns or plants

A

Sporothrix

29
Q

Risk Level 3 organisms should only be worked on in a Containment Level __ Lab

A

3

30
Q

a diagnostic procedure which uses serological or immunodiagnostic techniques

A

Antigen or antibody detection

31
Q

a specimen type which is considered a gold standard for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis; collected by needle aspirate or bone marrow collected by needle aspirate in a clean, sterile tube with Na Heparin

A

Bone Biopsy

32
Q

the second best option for specimen collection in diagnosing osteomyelitis

A

Bone piece

33
Q

this specimen type should only be done if biopsy could not be done; collected by needle aspirate

A

Pus fluid from sinus/abscess aspirate

34
Q

this type of specimen can be used but are positive in only 50% of cases of osteomyelitis

A

blood cultures

35
Q

considered an inappropriate specimen for osteomyelitis because:
-it will be contaminated by skin flora
-will not capture actual pathogen (s) or anaerobes

A

Superficial swab

36
Q

Bone biopsy, bone marrow aspirates are ________ specimens

A

sterile

37
Q

A piece on bone or bone/ bone marrow biopsied via needle is placed directly in _____ ______- if possible, try and grind the bone or marrow first using a _______ _______

A

THIO broth; sterile grinder

38
Q

all bone specimens except bone pieces will have a ______ ______ done & reported to the physician immediately

A

direct gram

MIML 240 (11 decks)

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