Musculoskeletal system- Bone Infections Flashcards
a bone infection that has been seeded through the bloodstream-occurs most often in long bones in children
Hematogenous
a type of bone infection where the organism gets directly inoculated into bone from trauma, fracture or surgery
Direct inoculation
type of infection which is contracted from a nearby infected soft tissue or from a prosthetic joint contaminated at surgery
Contiguous spread
a kind of contiguous spread from nearby soft tissue infection caused by poor circulation- often due to diabetic infection
Vascular Insufficiency osteomyelitis
a type of Osteomyelitis characterized by a sudden infection often in long bones (most often in children); fever, sore, red, warm, and swollen area over bone
Acute Osteomyelitis
A type of osteomyelitis characterized by a bone infection that doesn’t go away with treatment. Slower progressing and intermittent. Happens most often in adults due to direct injury, surgery or prosthetic infection
Chronic osteomyelitis
an area of necrotic bone resulting from abscess formation that impairs blood flow. reduced blood flow= reduced access by immune system and antibiotics
sequestrum
a type of osteomyelitis defined as an infection of the vertebrae; seen in elderly, sickle cell, kidney dialysis, or those who inject drugs
Vertebral Osteomyelitis
______ _________ is the organism considered to be the most common bacterial cause of vertebral osteomyelitis followed by _______ __________.
Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichea coli
most common organism isolated in all type of osteomyelitis- with MRSA on the rise
S. aureus
_______ ________ & ___________ _________ are more often a cause of chronic osteomyelitis in those with prosthetics
CONS (S epidermidis and S lugdunensis) & Proprionibacterium species
causes osteomyelitis in adults & children with sickle cell disease; sickle cell causes breakdown of intestinal lining & Salmonella gets into the blood stream->
Salmonella species
a bone infection that affects the spine; caused by Mycobacteria (TB)
Potts disease
a GPB that usually infects the cervical facial area but can spread to bone through blood
Actinomyces
organism that causes Cat scratch disease
Bartonella henselae
organisms that cause bone infection from farm animals
Brucella spp
Coxiella Burnetii
an organism contracted from sandfly, causing bone infection
Leishmania
they are aerobic bacilli causing tuberculosis, Potts, leprosy, etc; they are acid fast; resistant to decolorization by higher concentrations of acid alcohol; requires special media, but some species grow fast, while others take 12-16 weeks
Mycobacteria
type of acid fast stain consisting:
-Carbol fuchsin (heated on the slide)
-3% acid alcohol
-Methylene blue
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
a type of acid fast stain:
-Carbol fuchsin (higher concentration of phenol)
- 3% acid alcohol
-Methylene blue
Kinyoun stain (cold)
type of acid fast stain which uses Lower concentration of acid alcohol (0.5- 1.0%)
Modified acid fast
a type of stain used to visualize acid-fast bacilli using fluorescence microscopy; both dyes have a high affinity for mycolic acid; stains cell wall bright yellow or orange, with a dark background
Auramine Rhodamine
Reagents of Auramine Rhodamine staining method
-Aurmaine-Rhodamine dyes (primary stain)
- Distilled water
-Acid-alcohol (decolorizer)
-Potassium permanganate (counterstain)
Reagents of Auramine Rhodamine staining method
-Aurmaine-Rhodamine dyes (primary stain)
- Distilled water
-Acid-alcohol (decolorizer)
-Potassium permanganate (counterstain)
