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MIML 240 > Eye Infection > Flashcards

Eye Infection Flashcards

1
Q

eye inflammation of various tissues of the middle layer of the eye (between the sclera and the retina);
-caused by infection, injury, or autoimmune
-symptoms include decreased vision, ocular ache, redness, photophobia, and floaters
-can lead to vision loss

A

Uveitis

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2
Q

class of uveitis where the iris is affected

A

Anterior Uveitis

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3
Q

Class of uveitis where the focusing structures and vitreous are affected

A

Intermediate Uveitis

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4
Q

Class of uveitis where parts of the eye that attaches the retina to the white of eye are affected

A

Posterior uveitis

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5
Q

class of uveitis where all parts of the eye from the front to the back are affected

A

Panuveitis

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6
Q

Infection of the eye that involves inflammation of the transparent membrane (conjunctiva) that lines the eyelid & covers the white part of the eye;
-symptoms include: redness, tearing, itchiness, gritty feeling, discharge that forms a crust during the night
-commonly caused by viral or bacterial infection, but may also due to an allergic reaction
-In babies can be due to an incompletely opened tear duct

A

Conjunctivitis “Pink Eye”

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7
Q

caused by Adenovirus, HSV, VZV, and others including COVID 19

A

Viral Conjunctivitis

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8
Q

S. aureus, S. pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or, less commonly, N. gonorrhoea (STI), Chlamydia

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis

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9
Q

causes STI of the genital area and 3 types of conjuntivitis

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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10
Q

a type of conjunctivitis which is the leading cause of preventable blindness of infectious origin
-transmitted person to person by contact with infected discharge from eye

A

Trachoma caused by Serovars A, B, Ba, and C

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11
Q

causes chronic follicular conjunctivitis- transmitted sexually or from hand-to-eye and rarely, eye-eye from sharing makeup

A

Adult Inclusion conjunctivitis caused by Servers D-K

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12
Q

also called Ophthalmia neonatorum (also if infected by GC)
-causes acute conjunctivitis in neonates when it is spread from the mother’s genitals to the baby during birth

A

Neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Serovars D-K

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13
Q

an anaerobic, obligate intracellular bacteria that infects columnar and transitional epithelial cells lining conjunctiva

A

Chlamydia

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14
Q

a form of chlamydia that is non-replicating, infectious particle released from ruptured infected cells;
it is the transmission form- human to human or in some species bird to human

A

Elementary body

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15
Q

an intracytoplasmic form that is responsible for replication of new elementary bodies

A

Reticulate body

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16
Q

a diagnostic test that allows for visualization of intracytoplasmic epithelial inclusion bodies

A

Giemsa staining of conjunctival scrapings

17
Q

Chlamydial cultures of conjunctiva- must use _____ _______ to grow

A

cell lines

18
Q

the best way to diagnose Chlamydia infection

A

Molecular tests like Nucleic Acid Amplification Test

19
Q

an infection where a person’s eyes come into contact with infected genital secretions from a person with genital Gonorrhea;
-untreated cases can lead to meningitis and/or blindness

A

Gonococcal Conjunctivitis

20
Q

an eye infection caused by GC, Chlamydia, or HSV;
-newborn’s eyes get exposed to mom’s infectious vaginal secretions during delivery;
used to use ocular prophylaxis (silver nitrate drops, erythromycin ointment at birth) but had questionable efficacy & caused newborn eye irritation

A

Ophthalmia Neonatorum

21
Q

inflammation of the retina, may lead to blindness;
-happens mostly in immunocompromised
-most common causes: Toxoplasma, CMV, HZV, HSV, and Candida

A

Retinitis

22
Q

causative agent for Cat Scratch fever

A

Bartonella (gnb)

23
Q

a spirochete shaped rods that causes Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

24
Q

causative agent for Syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

25
Q

causes Leptospirosis

A

Leptospira spp

26
Q

a type of Retinitis that is genitically inherited

A

Retinitis pigmentosa

27
Q

an eye infection which is also called corneal ulcer
-an inflammation or irritation of the cornea
-can be caused by infection, injury, foreign body, overexposure to UV light, allergy, improper contact use
-inflammatory cells initiate a strong response that actually breaks down corneal epithelial resulting in corneal ulcers

A

Keratitis

28
Q

the most common bacterial cause of Keratitis

A

Pseudomonas
S. aureus

29
Q

a free-living protozoan parasite found in water and soil
-can cause rare but sever infections of the skin, CNS and eye
-associated with contact lens wear while swimming or rinsing contact lenses with tap water
-keratitis due to this organism can result in permanent visual impairment or blindness

A

Acanthamoeba

30
Q

Specimens and testing for acanthamoeba includes:

A

Corneal scraping or biopsy- most reliable
Giemsa or Direct fluorescence
Culture of corneal scrapings or biopsy
PCR

31
Q

Acanthamoeba culture:
Corneal scraping placed on ______ agar with a broth overlay of ______ ______, ________, or ________. The plate is observed daily for __ days under low power microscope (x10) for ____ or _______

A

-Nutrient
E. coli
Klebsiella
Yeast
7
cysts
trophozoites

32
Q

inflammation along the edges of the eyelids;
caused by
S. aureus- most common
Viruses: HSV 1 &2
Fungi: Candida albicans
Parasites: eye lash mites, lice

A

Blepharitis

33
Q

bacterial infection of one or more of the small glands near the base of the eyelashes; most commonly caused by S. aureus

A

Stye

34
Q

Specimens for eye infections:

A

-conjunctival or eyelid swab
-Corneal scrapings/biopsies (sterile specimen)
-Intraocular aspirates (sterile specimen)
-Lacrimal secretions
-for virus: UTM
-scrapings/biopsies/aspirates placed in sterile empty container
-swabs placed in Amies transport media

35
Q

Direct specimen stains:

A

-Gram
-Giemsa
-ELISA? fluorescence

36
Q

Culture:
-Non-sterile specimens plated to ___ & ____ (35C _____) for ____ hrs
-add ____ or _____ (35 CO2) for ___ hrs, if gndc seen in direct specimen gram, in 1 week old or less infant or if Dr requests GC investigation

A
  • BA & CHOC; CO2: 48
    -NYC or TM; 72
37
Q

when to add NYC or TM

A

-IF DR REQUESTS
-GNDC SEEN IN ORIGINAL GRAM
-INFANT 1 WK OLD OR LESS

38
Q

pathogens that needs a full workup

A

S aureus
H influenza
BHS
Moraxella
Neisseria gonorrhoea
S pneumonia
P aueruginosa
Enterobacterales

MIML 240 (11 decks)

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